- R -
radial reductions
Method of reducing a tariff structure whereby at
each stage all tariffs are reduced to an equal fraction
of their previous levels.
辐射状减税
一种降低关税或费率结构的方法，即每一阶段所
有税率都在以前的水平上按同一比例降低。
radiative forcing
Changes in the climate due to changes in solar
radiation. Solar sunspots and the greenhouse effect
are examples.
辐射驱动
由于太阳辐射的变化而导致的气候变化，例如太
阳黑子变化和温室效应。
rained agriculture*
靠雨水浇灌的农业，旱地农业
rainfed
雨水灌溉
rain forest
热带雨林
raise, to (funds, etc.)
筹集(资金等)
random sample
随机抽样样本
rangeland
牧场
range management
牧场管理
rank correlation coefficient
等级相关系数
见Spearman´s rank correlation coefficient
ratchet effect
The idea that at the beginning of a recession
consumers try to maintain the same level of spending
and investment.
棘轮效应
指在经济衰退的初期，消费者和投资者试图保持
同以前一样的消费和投资水平。
ratcheting up
逐步上涨
rate basis conversion
Option in IFC loan that allows the borrower to
convert from a variable rate to a fixed rate loan or
vice versa.
利率基础转换
国际金融公司贷款的一种利率选择，它允许借款
人把可变利率转换成固定利率，反之亦然。
rate contract
A contract for the supply of goods at specified rates
during the period of the contract.
价格（费率）合同
一种规定在合同期内按照确定的价格供应货物
的合同。
rate of exchange
汇率
见buying rate of exchanges
rate of natural increase [animals] *
自然增长率[动物]
rate of pure time preference
The interest rate at which consumers are willing to
forgo present consumption in order to save,
presumably for future consumption.
纯时间选择利率
使消费者愿意放弃现时的消费，将资金储蓄起来
以待将来消费的利率。
rate of return
收益率，利润率
rated capacity
额定容量，额定功率
rating agency
Organization that evaluates the credit rating of
prospective borrowers on the securities markets.
评级机构
评定证券市场上预期借款人资信等级的机构。
ratio
比率
见accounting ratio; acid-test ratio; affordability
ratio; Bruno ratio; capital-labor ratio; capital-output
ratio; capital-service ratio; cost-benefit ratio; current
ratio; debt-equity ratio; debt-to-capital ratio;
debt-to-equity ratio; debt ratio; debt-service ratio;
dependency ratio; enrollment ratio; entrepreneurial
benefit-cost ratio; equity ratio; feed conversion
ratio; fill ratio; financial ratios; gearing ratio; grade
ratio; gross (primary) enrollment ratio; housing
expenses/income ratio; import coverage ratio;
incremental capital-output ratio; input-output ratio;
interest coverage ratio; interest service ratio; land
equivalent, equivalency ratio; land use ratio;
leverage (ratio); liquidity ratio; liquid ratio;
long-term debt ratio; minimum cash ratio; modified
Bruno ratio; net energy ratio; operating ratio;
price-earning ratio; private benefit-cost ratio;
pupil-teacher ratio; quick ratio; reserve ratio; risk
asset ratio; smoothness ratio; staffing ratio; stripping
ratio; tax/GDP ratio; tax performance ratio; tax
ratio; teacher-pupil ratio; volatility ratio; working
capital ratio; working ratio
rational expectations
A theory based, first, on the assumption that individuals
and companies will try to maximize their
own welfare -- that is, they will try to make their own
economic and other circumstances as desirable as
possible -- and, second, that, as individuals and
companies make economic decisions in their own
interest, they do so in such a way that markets move
towards equilibrium, easing inflation.
理性预期
一种理论，其根据是，首先假定个人和公司试图
使他们的利益最大化，即试图使他们自己的经济
环境和其他环境尽可能合乎理想；其次假定个人
和公司会按他们自己的利益作出经济决策，也会
按他们自己的利益使市场走向均衡、通货膨胀得
到缓和。
raw data
原始数据，素材
raw water
生水，未经净化的水
reafforestation; reforestation
重新造林；再造林
real assets
实物资产，不动产
real effective exchange rate
Nominal effective foreign exchange value of the
dollar (a trade-weighted exchange rate) multiplied
by the ratio of the US consumer price index to the
foreign consumer price index. Below 100 the dollar
depreciates in real terms; above 100 it appreciates in
real terms.
实际有效汇率
用美元的名义有效外汇价值（一种贸易加权汇
率）乘以美国消费价格指数对外国消费价格指数
的比率。如计算结果为100以下，美元属实际贬
值；如结果在100以上则为实际升值。
real estate developer
房地产建筑商
real estate equity
不动产股本
real sectors
The nonfinancial sector.
实际部门
指非金融部门。
real terms, in
按不变价格
realized price [oil]
The price actually obtained on the world market for
sales concluded.
实现价格[石油]
指在世界市场进行销售获得的实际价格。
rebar [= reinforcing bar]
Bar used for reinforcing concrete.
钢筋
钢筋混凝土中使用的钢筋。
recall [MOV]
回收（货币）[保值]
recall installments [MOV]
分期回收（货币）[保值]
recall under loans [MOV]
贷款项下的（货币）回收[保值]
recapture clause
Clause in a loan agreement that allows a lender to
recover part or all of his previously lent assets if
economic circumstances improve.
收回条款
指贷款协议中的一项条款：允许贷款人在经济情
况改善时收回他的部分或全部借出资产。
recasting (e.g. a loan) *
重新计算（一笔贷款）
receivables; accounts receivables
应收款，应收帐目
received energy
接收能量
recession
衰退
recession crop
Crop planted on land which has recently been
flooded.
灾后抢种作物
在遭受水灾后的土地上补种的作物。
recession, recessive cultivation
Cultivation in an area where the amount of land
available for cultivations is being reduced due, e.g.
to desertification.
后退式耕作
在可耕种的土地不断缩减（如沙漠化所引起）的
地域进行的耕作。
recipient country
受援国，接受国
reciprocal debt
互惠债务
recital of an agreement; preamble to an agreement
协议序言，协议的陈述部分
reclaim
开垦
reclamation
开荒，垦荒
见land reclamation
recognition and enforcement (of award) [ICSID]
(对于裁决的)承认和执行[解决投资争端国际中
心]
recommendation domain
建议适用的范围
reconciliation account
Account which shows any difference between two or
more accounts.
调节帐户
表明两个或两个以上更多帐户之间任何差额的
帐户。
reconciliation item [accounting]
Item in account that reconciles the differences
between two or more accounts.
调节科目[会计]
用于对两个或更多帐户之间的差额进行调节的
会计科目。
reconcile
调节，对帐，轧平
reconnaissance survey
先头调查
reconstitution
Immediate conversion of interest payments received
in a currency other than a pool currency into a pool
currency.
立即转换
把作为利息收到的某一种货币（不是总库制内的
货币）立即转换成总库货币。
reconstruction import credit - RIC
建设用进口信贷（简写为RIC）
record owner
A person who has title to a property, though not
necessarily beneficial use of it.
记录中的所有人
对财产拥有权利，但不一定以其获取利益的人。
参见beneficial owner
recoupment [insurance]
赔偿，补偿[保险]
recovery
复苏，恢复，回收，回采
recurrent costs, expenditures
Costs for items consumed immediately or used up in
a comparatively short period, usually a year.
经常性费用，经常性成本
指即时消费掉的东西的费用，或在较短的时间内
（通常是一年）使用掉的东西的费用。
recurrent education; lifelong education; continuing
education
再教育；终身教育；继续教育
recycling (of capital)
（资本的）再循环
redeemable
可赎回的
redemption
赎回，股份变现
redeployment cost
The cost of switching one type of loan to another,
e.g. from a fixed rate loan to a variable rate loan.
重新调配费用
把贷款从一种类型转换成另一种类型的费用，例
如从固定利率贷款转换为可变利率贷款。
redeployment cost [IFC]
The cost levied by IFC and representing its cost of
reinvesting a prepaid loan at a lower interest rate.
重新调配费用[国际金融公司]
国际金融公司收取的一种费用，它表示该公司把
已预付的贷款以较低的利率重新投资所需的成
本。
redeployment (of funds)
（基金的）重新调配
red herring issue
An issue of bonds made on an experimental basis.
探索性发行
在试验的基础上发行债券。
rediscount
Resale of instruments such as banker´s acceptances
already discounted by lender, usually with central
bank or discount house, at a price less than the face
value.
再贴现
把已由贷款人贴现过的票据（如银行承兑票据
等）重新销售，一般是以低于面值的价格售予中
央银行或贴现公司。
rediscount ceiling
再贴现上限
reducing charge method
收费递减法
见declining balance method
redundancy [staffing]
人员过多，冗员
reference rate of exchange [MIGA]
The effective average rate of exchange applied by
the central bank or other foreign exchange
regulatory authority of the host country for the
exchange rate category concerned on the date of loss
to conversion of the local currency into guarantee
currency.
参考汇率[多边投资担保机构]
东道国中央银行或其它外汇管理当局使用的平
均有效汇率，用于把当地货币按损失日的有关汇
率类别转换成担保的货币币种。
reference zone; target zone [foreign exchange]
A wide zone of exchange rates, perhaps plus or
minus 10 per cent, within which a currency can
freely move against other currencies. Suggested at
the New York Plaza Agreement at the Group of Five
meeting, 9/85 and proposed by the French Treasury
2/86, as a way to reduce major currency swings.
参考区，目标区[外汇]
一个大幅度的汇率浮动区间，可在正、负10%之
间。此间，一种货币对其他货币的汇率可以自由
浮动。这是在1985年9月五国集团会议纽约广场
协议中提出的；1986年2月，法国财政部建议把
它作为一种减少主要货币波动的方法。
referral
（对申请工作者的）工作分派，介绍
refinancing
再筹集资金，发行新债券以收回旧债券
reflation
恢复增长
reflecting pool
Concept of movements in the currency pool
reflecting movements in the three main currencies
constituting the pool (US dollar, yen, mark). This
concept enables borrowers to predict changes in the
currency pool by watching changes in these three
currencies on the world markets.
货币总库反应[货币总库]
表示货币总库中的货币运动的一个概念，它反应
组成货币总库的三种主要货币（美元、日元、马
克）的运动。这一概念使借款人得以通过注视这
三种货币在世界市场上的变化，预计货币总库的
变化。
reflows from the Trust Fund*
信托基金回流
reforestation; reafforestation
Establishment of trees on ground that has been
cleared of trees.
重新造林
在砍伐过的林地上种植树木。
reform
改革
见land reform
refresher course
复习课程，进修课程
refunding
再筹款
regional integration arrangements
地区一体化安排
register
登记，注册
见land register
Register [ICSID]
登记簿（名册） [解决投资争端国际中心]
registered [vehicle]
已登记的[交通工具]
registered (e.g. tradesmen)
已注册的（例如零售商）
registered bond
A bond whose ownership is recorded by the issuer.
记名债券
一种由发行人登记所有者名字的债券。
registered capital; share capital
注册资本；股份资本
registered nurse
有国家证书的护士，注册护士
registered security
A security whose ownership is determined by the
name in which it is registered as opposed to a bearer
security whose ownership is determined by who
possesses it.
记名证券
一种证券，其所有权根据以登记的名字来决定。
区别于所有权依持有人而定的持有者证券。
registered seed
The progeny of foundation or registered seed.
注册过的种籽
基础种籽或注册种子的后代。
registered share, stock; personal stock
Stock which cannot be transferred without placing
the signature of the owner upon the books of the
issuing corporation and delivery of the certificate.
记名股票
这种股票须经股票发行公司登记簿上的原记名
人签署，并递交有关证书后才能转让。
registrar [ICSID]
书记官，登记官[解决投资争端国际中心]
registration [Stock Exchange]
登记，注册[证券交易所]
regrading [highways]
路面重修[公路]
regrading [personnel]
重新定级或评级[人事]
regraveling; graveling
重铺砾石；铺砾石
regress
倒退
见economics of regress
regression equation
An equation expressing average relationships
between two or more variables.
回归等式[统计]
表示两个或两个以上变量的平均关系的等式。
regressor; predictor
An independent variable in a regression analysis.
回归自变量
回归分析中的自变量。
regrowth
再生
regular appointment [IBRD]
正常录用，正常任命[国际复兴开发银行]
regular budget
One of three Bank budgets, it is for funds used to
cover the administrative expenses of the Bank.
固定预算
世界银行三种预算之一，是用来支付世界银行行
政费用的资金。
regular lending program [IBRD]
The Bank lending program that includes the base
lending program and the standby program.
正规贷款规划[国际复兴开发银行]
指包括基本贷款规划和后备规划在内的世界银
行贷款规划。
regular share
Share of IBRD capital stock other than those
allocated as membership shares.
正规股
国际复兴开发银行股本中除会员股以外的其它
股份。
regular staff
正式职工，长期雇用人员
Regulations and Rules (of the Centre) [ICSID]
(解决投资争端国际中心的)《规章制度》[解决投
资争端国际中心]
regulatory agency
管理机构
rehabilitation
复兴，恢复
rehabilitation import credit, loan - RIC, RIL
Loan, credit to support policies to stabilize the
economy and reactivate growth, following a period
of economic decline caused inter alia by
inappropriate policies.
支持恢复进口信贷、贷款（简写为RIC，RIL）
在由于不当的政策所引起的一段时间的经济下
滑以后，用以支持稳定经济和重振增长的政策的
贷款或信贷。
reimbursable budget
One of three Bank budgets, it is for funds used to
cover costs on behalf of outside agencies under
billing agreements.
可偿还预算
世界银行三种预算之一，是根据代付协议代表外
部机构支付费用所用资金的预算。
reinforcing bar; rebar
钢筋
reinsurance
Form of insurance used by insurance companies for
their own protection, whereby they share insurance
risk with other insurance companies. The risk they
share may either be in the form of an individual risk
(facultative reinsurance) or a large number of risks
(treaty reinsurance).
再保险，分保
保险公司为自我保护而使用的保险形式，以此与
别的保险公司分担保险风险。其形式可以是分担
单一风险（临时分保），也可以分担大量风险（合
同分保）。
release
脱产
见block release
release [ICSID]
解除[解决国际投资争端中心]
release, to [capital]
解除，解冻[资本]
relend, to
转贷
relief
解除，豁免，救济，援救，减轻
relinquishment [legal] *
放弃，放弃财产权利声明书[法律]
relocation grant
调动补贴，安家费
remeasurement contract
计量合同
见unit price contract
remedy
补救，补偿，制裁
见legal remedy
remittances
汇款(额)
remote sensing
遥感，远距离探测
renewable energy
可更新能源
rent
租金，收益
见economic rent; project rent
rent recovery index [projects]
The proportion of the economic rent created by a
project that accrues to project beneficiaries and is
recovered from them.
租金收入指数，收益指数[项目]
在项目受益人处累计，并从他们那里回收的项目
所产生的经济租金。
rent-seeking
追求利润，求利，寻租
repayment bond
Form of performance bond issued by a bank as a
repayment guarantee.
偿还保证
由一家银行发出的，作为偿还保证的履约保证
书。
repayment guarantee
Form of guarantee whereby the guarantor
undertakes, in the event of default by the principal,
to pay the beneficiary an amount advanced or paid
by the beneficiary to the principal in accordance
with the contract between them. They are generally
issued by banks.
偿还保证
指在委托人违约的情况下，担保人根据合同向受
益人偿还一笔原先由受益人支付给委托人的金
额。这种偿还保证一般是由银行签发的。
repayment schedule
还款时间表
repeater loan
重复贷款
repeater project
Project in the same sector and same country as a
previous project.
重复项目，相似的项目
在同一国家同一部门所做的与以前某个项目相
同的项目。
repeater rate [education]
The rate at which students repeat a grade.
留级率[教育]
学生在一个年级留级的比率。
repeat financing
再次提供资金
rephasing of a debt; debt rephasing; rescheduling of
debt
重新安排还款期；重新安排还款时间表
replacement cost
重置成本
replacement level [population]
更替水平[人口]
replacement value
重置价值
见current (entry) value
replenish (an account), to
补充，补足（帐户）
replenishment of resources
The addition of funds to IDA. The Eleventh
Replenishment starts fiscal year 1997.
补充资金
指国际开发协会的增资。第11次增资始于1997财
政年度。
replicability
可普及性，可推广性
report (of Commission) [ICSID]
（委员会）报告[解决投资争端国际中心]
reported debt
公布的债务
reporting country
申报国
reporting requirement(s)
申报要求
reporting system [projects]
报告制度[项目]
representations
代理，代表（权），意见，陈述，招待
representative office [bank]
代表处[银行]
repression
紧缩，抑制
见financial repression
repurchase agreement
Arrangement by banks and other institutions to
borrow short-term (usually one day) money by
transferring securities to the lender, with the agreement
that they will buy them back.
回购协议
银行同其他机构通过把证券转给贷款人来借入
短期（通常是一天）资金，并协议将来把它们购
回的安排。
request for proposal - RFP
要求提出建议（简写为RFP）
Requesting Organization [ICSID]
提出请求的组织[解决投资争端国际中心]
required rate of return - RRR
应得收益率（简写为RRR）
requited transfer
Transfer of resource or financial item between two
countries that is counterbalanced with a similar
transfer in the other direction.
对应转移，对冲交易
指两个国家之间资源或财务科目方面的转移。这
种转移为类似的反向转移所对销。
resale price maintenance - RPM
Agreement whereby manufacturers independently or
collectively specify minimum prices at which their
products could be resold by wholesalers and
retailers.
最低发售价协议（简写为RPM）
厂商为他们的货物所单独或集体协定的最低批
发和零售价。
rescheduling of debt; rephasing of a debt; debt
rephasing; debt rescheduling
偿债期重新安排
rescue package
一揽子救助方案
resealing [highways]
再封层，重新填缝[公路]
research and development - R D
研究与开发（简写为R &D）
research-push innovations; upstream innovations
研究推动的革新；上游革新
reservation price (of labor)
The minimum price at which an individual is willing
to offer a good or service. Often applied to labor, it is
the lowest wage at which an individual is willing to
offer his or her services.
(劳动力)的保留价格，最低价格
指一个人愿意提供一种货物或劳力的最低价格。
常常用于指劳动力，即某一个人愿意提供他或她
的劳务的最低工资。
reservation salary, wage
The minimum wage at which a worker will accept
work.
最低薪金，工资
指一个工人能接受工作的最低工资。
reserve
储备金
见legal reserve
reserve against losses
亏损准备金
reserve asset
Those funds which constitute reserves in a bank.
储备资产
在一个银行里组成储备的那些资金。
reserve center
Country or area where significant financial reserves
are held.
储备中心
持有大量金融储备的国家或地区。
reserve currency
The name given to a foreign currency which a
government is prepared to hold as part of its foreign
exchange reserves. This is used for financing
international trade.
储备货币
即一国政府准备作为其外汇储备来持有的某种
外国货币，用以支付国际贸易。
reserve for contingencies; allowance for
contingencies; contingency allowance
An amount of retained earnings earmarked for
general undetermined contingencies or for any
indefinite possible future losses.
意外情况准备金；应急准备金
从留存盈利中划出的一笔专项资金，用于一般未
预计到的意外情况或将来可能发生的不定损失。
reserve for depreciation; allowance for depreciation;
depreciation allowance
A valuation account set up to allow for the
depreciation in an asset.
折旧准备金，折旧备抵金
为某项资产折旧而设置的计值帐户。
reserve for losses; provision for losses; loss
provision
An amount of retained earnings earmarked for any
indefinite future losses.
亏损准备金
从留存盈利中划出的一笔专项资金，用于弥补将
来可能发生的不定损失。
reserve money; base money
储备货币；基础货币
reserve operations [lending program]
Lending operations on which initial preparation is
being undertaken but which have not been
appraised.
备用项目[贷款规划]
准备工作刚刚开始而尚未作评估的项目。
reserve position
储备状况，储备头寸
reserve ratio [banking]
The fraction of demand deposit money which a
commercial bank must keep in its reserve account.
This ratio determines the maximum amount of
money a bank may loan out. In the United States, the
legal reserve requirement is imposed by the Federal
Reserve on depository institutions. The reserves
(cash maintained in a bank´s own vault or claims on
cash on deposit with compulsory or optional
depositories) for transaction accounts are 3% on $25
million or less and 12% for larger sums.
储备金比率，储备率[金融]
指商业银行必须存在其储备帐户中的活期存款
的一个比率。它决定一个银行可以贷出的资金的
最大数额。在美国，联邦储备银行对存款机构实
施强制性法定储备要求。对交易在2500万美元及
以下的帐户，储备金（指银行库存的现金，或在
强制性或一般性储蓄机构的可以提现的存款）要
求为3%，对大于这个数额的帐户，储备金要求
为12%。
reserve requirement
规定储备额，法定储备
reserved procurement
Under the Bank´s procurement guidelines,
procurement that the client wishes to reserve for
local suppliers or contractors, where it would have
been attractive to international competition.
保留采购
根据世界银行采购指南，借款人希望为本国供应
商或承包商保留的采购，而这部分采购本来对国
际竞争也具有吸引力。
resettlement grant
安置费
resident mission
驻地代表处
resident office
驻地办事处
resource balance
The difference between exports of goods and
nonfactor services and imports of goods and
nonfactor services.
资源差额，资源余额
货物和非要素劳务出口与货物和非要素劳务进
口之间的差。
resource based industries
资源型工业
resource envelope
In budgeting, an overall expenditure limit for a unit.
The unit can then decide how it allocates individual
expenditures within this envelope.
资金封套
指预算中对一个单位支出规定的总限额。这个单
位可以在这个“封套”之中筹划分配各项开支。
resource(s) gap
Imports of goods and nonfactor services minus
exports of goods and nonfactor services, or the
resource balance with the opposite sign.
资源缺口
指货物及非要素劳务的进口数减去货物与非要
素劳务出口数，或负的资源余额。
resource-neutral
对资源无影响的
responsibility center [accounting]
Any organizational unit accountable to higher
authority for performance of assigned functions,
usually including its incurrence of specific costs
under budget limitations and control.
责任中心[会计]
按权限履行职责并向上级部门负责的一个组织
单位。通常包括在预算限额内和控制下的费用开
支情况。
responsive
有反响的，有反应的
restocking
存量恢复
restraint policy
节制政策，紧缩政策
restricted currency
The portion of capital subscriptions paid in the
currencies of members and usable by IBRD in its
lending operations only with the consent of the
respective members.
限制性货币
会员国以本国货币缴付部分认购股份，世界银行
只有在取得该会员国的认可后，方能把这部分资
金用于贷款业务。
restricted distribution
有限制的传阅或分发
restricted release (of 18% currency)
Release by Bank member of its 18% currency for
lending or relending, with some restrictions, such as
the requirement that the funds only be used in the
currency concerned without being converted or are
only used for initial lending and not indefinite
lending and relending.
（对18%货币）限制性释放
世界银行会员国解除对其缴纳的18%本国货币
贷款或再贷款的限制，但仍附有一些限制，如只
能直接使用该货币而不能转换成别的货币；或只
能用于初始贷款而不能用于无限期贷款和再贷
款。
Restricted Toxic Materials List - RTML
A list of toxic materials that may not be used in Bank
projects.
禁止使用的有毒材料一览表（简写为RTML）
指在世界银行项目中不得使用的有毒材料一览
表。
restrictive trade policy
限制性贸易政策
resubmission [ICSID]
再提交公断[解决投资争端国际中心]
resurfacing [highways]
路面重筑，路面翻修[公路]
retail banking
Traditional banking operations conducted with the
general public.
零售银行业务，小额银行业务
指为公众开办的传统银行业务。
retail training
Training of officials directly in the country by their
compatriots rather than abroad by EDI or others.
就地培训
指由本国人在本国直接培训官员，而不是由世界
银行经济发展学院或其他组织在国外培训。
retained earnings
Accumulated net income, less distributions to
stockholders and transfers to paid-in capital accounts.
留存盈利
累积的净收益减去分配给股东和转移进实缴资
本帐户的数额。
retainer
预聘费，保留费
retention money
Percentage of each payment retained until the
contract has been completed and the contractor has
fulfilled his performance (and maintenance)
obligations.
保留款，保留金
对每次付款扣留的一个百分比，直至合同全部完
成，承包商完成其应履行（和维修）的任务。
retention rate; grade ratio [education]
Percentage of students that pass from one grade to
next grade.
留校率；升级率[教育]
在校学生由一个年级升到上一年级的百分比。
retired debt
A debt that has been paid off.
已清偿债务
已经被偿清的债务。
retirement (of a fixed asset)
Removal of an asset from service, following its sale
or the end of its productive life, accompanied by the
necessary adjustment of fixed asset and
depreciation-reserve accounts.
固定资产报废
在一项固定资产被卖出或终止其生产寿命之后，
将其从使用中撤除，同时对固定资产和折旧准备
帐户进行必要的调整。
retirement benefits
退休金，退休补助
retirement of outstanding debt
清偿债务余额
retraining
再培训
retrieval
(资料)检索
retroactive financing; retrofinancing
Reimbursement by the Bank of expenditures made
by the borrower before the date of signing a loan
agreement, as an exception to normal financing. It is
subject to a fixed cutoff date, before which
expenditures are not eligible for Bank financing.
追溯融资
世界银行对借款人在某项贷款协议签订以前所
支出的费用给以偿还，这是在正常融资以外的例
外融资。这受一定的截止日期的限制，在此日期
之前所支出的费用没有资格得到世界银行的融
资。
retrofinancing
追溯融资
见retroactive financing
retrofitting
式样翻新，改进
return of capital
The return to the investor of part or all of the initial
investment of capital in a project.
资本收益，资本利润
投资者从一个项目早期部分或全部投入资本中
得到的收益。
return of investment
投资收益
return of labor
A detailed list of the staff and labor employed.
实有劳力（清单）
实际雇用职工的详细清单。
return on earning assets*
生利资产收益
return on, to capital
1. The internal rate of return of the incremental net
benefit after financing.
2. Net income divided by equity.
资本收益（率）
1．融资后增量净收益的内部收益率。
2．净收入除以股本金。
return on, to investment
投资收益（率）
returns; revenues
收益；岁入
returns to scale
规模收益
revaluation
升值，重新定值
revaluation factor [currency pool]
A ratio establishing the appreciation or depreciation
due to exchange rate changes in the U.S. dollar value
of currencies in the pool from one date to another. It
is calculated by dividing, as of any day, the total U.S.
dollar value at the exchange rates of that day of the
balances of currencies in the pool brought forward
from the previous day, by their total U.S. dollar
value at the exchange rates of the previous day.
重估价系数[货币总库]
用以确定由于美元汇率的变化而使总库内当天
和前一天相比各种货币升值或贬值的比率。其计
算方法是用任何一天总库内各种货币按当日汇
率折算的美元总值，除以前一天按当日汇率折算
的各种货币的美元总值。
revealed comparative advantage - RCA
Concept developed by Bela Balassa, it is measured
by an item´s share in the country´s exports relative to
its share in world trade. If the share of the item in the
country´s exports is more than the corresponding
world share, then the country has a revealed
comparative advantage; if less, it has a revealed
comparative disadvantage.
显示出来的相对优势（简写为RCA）
这是由Bela Balassa提出的一个概念，是以某项商
品在一国的出口中所占的份额相对于该商品在
世界贸易中所占份额来衡量的。如果该商品在本
国出口中所占份额大于它在世界贸易中所占份
额，则该国显示出相对优势，如果前者小于后者，
则显示相对劣势。
revenue
收入
见current revenues; fiscal revenue; government
revenues
revenue account [national accounts]
收入帐户[国民核算]
revenue-earning enterprise
赢利企业
revenue recognition
In accounting, when income is deemed to have been
received. IFC records dividends, profit
participations and fees (other than commitment fees)
as income when received. Income and commitment
fees are recorded as income on an accrual basis. It
does not recognize income on loans where
collectibility is in doubt and payments of principal
or interest are past due more than sixty days.
收入认定
会计中认为是已收到的收入。国际金融公司把收
到的股利、利润分配和收费（除了承诺费以外）
作为收入进行登记。收入和承诺费在应计基础上
记为收入。它对收入不确定、本息支付拖延达60
天以上的贷款的收入不做认定。
revenue sharing
收益分配，收益分享
revenue stamp
印花税票，印花
revenues; returns
收入；收益
reverse charge call; collect call; transfer charge call
对方付款电话
reverse transfer of technology
Transfer of technology from the developing to the
developed countries.
反向技术转让
从发展中国家向发达国家进行的技术转让。
review clause; (periodic) review clause
Clause in a loan agreement which allows the lender
to determine periodically whether stated objectives
are being met.
审查条款；（定期）审查条款
贷款协议中的一项条款，它使贷款人可以定期确
认各项目标是否已经达到。
review mission
考察团，检查团
revised minimum standard model - RMSM
An IBRD mathematical model of monetary
aggregates, covering a few basic economic factors.
修正的最低标准模型(简写为RMSM）
国际复兴开发银行的一种货币总量数学模型，包
括一些基本的经济要素。
revolving account*
周转帐户；循环帐户
revolving credit
Any line of credit that be borrowed against up to a
stated credit limit and into which repayments go for
crediting.
循环信贷
一种信贷额度，可在一定限额内进行贷款，其偿
还款仍用于贷款。
revolving fund
A fund for project-related expenditure.
周转基金；备用金
用于与项目有关的费用的开支。
revolving underwriting facility - RUF; note issuance
facility - NIF; prime underwriting facility - PUF
A medium-term arrangement under which a borrower
can issue short-term paper (Euronotes)
backed up by commercial bank underwriting commitments.
循环包销措施（简写为RUF）；票据保险措施（简
写为NIF）；初级包销措施（简写为PUF）
一种中期安排，此中借款人可以在商业银行包销
承诺的支持下发行三个月或六个月的短期票据
（欧洲票据）。
rhizomes; rootstock crops
根茎；根茎作物
ribbon check irrigation
条灌
见border check irrigation
rice
稻
见floating rice; floded rice; upland rice
rig
井架
见oil (drilling) rig
right of first refusal
优先取舍权
见first refusal right
right of way
地面通过权，地役权，路权
rights issue, offering
增股
riot [MIGA]
An assemblage of individuals who commit public
acts of violence in defiance of local authority.
Covered by MIGA under the war and civil
disturbance category.
暴乱[多边投资担保机构]
无视当地政府，聚众进行的公开的暴力行为。多
边投资担保机构对此在“战争和内乱”类别下提
供担保。
参见Civil commotion
ripple price effects
价格波浪作用
risk allowance [projects]
An allowance made when funding a project for risks
that might occur.
风险备抵[项目]
在向一个可能发生风险的项目提供资金时设立
的准备金。
risk-asset ratio
Ratio between assets held and amount of risk.
MIGA´s risk-asset ratio may not exceed one-to-five.
风险-资产比率
持有资产额与风险额之间的比率。多边投资担保
机构的风险资产比率不得超过1:5。
risk capital; venture capital
Capital invested in high-risk or relatively high-risk
securities and enterprises, in expectation of commensurately
high returns. It is sometimes used of
equities or ordinary stock, the dividend of which
varies with the profits earned by the corporation.
风险资本
投资于高风险或相对高风险的证券和企业，以期
得到相应的高收益。有时用于指股本或普通股
票，其股利随公司获利情况而变化。
risk contract [oil]
Contract that typically places all risk and investment
on the contractor, who provides capital for
exploration and production.
风险合同[石油业]
一般由提供勘探和生产资金的承包商承担一切
投资与风险的合同。
risk management
风险管理
risk of expropriation [MIGA]
被征收的风险，被没收的风险[多边投资担保机
构]
risk pooling [MIGA]
Sharing of risks among members of an insurance
pool.
风险联保[多边投资担保机构]
指由一个联保集团的成员共同分担风险。
risk posture
The degree of risk of an investment.
风险状态
一项投资的风险程度。
risk spread
分散风险
risk transformation guarantees
风险转移担保
river blindness; onchocerciasis
河盲症；盘尾丝虫病
river channel
河流航道，河道
ro/ro [= roll-on/roll-off]
滚装法，滚装运输[=滚装滚卸法]
road base
路基[公路]
见base [highways]
road, surface patching; spot improvement, patching;
patching [highways]
路面补坑，路面零补[公路]
road pricing
公路运输定价
road user charges
道路使用费
rock phosphate; phosphate rock
磷酸盐岩
rollback
In GATT, the progressive dismantling of all trade
restrictions which are inconsistent with GATT.
逐步撤除
关贸总协定规定的对与总协定不一致的所有贸
易限制进行逐步撤除。
rolled (costs)
平均成本
rolling back
压低物价，回降物价
rolling plan
滚动计划，逐年延伸计划
roll-on/roll-off - ro/ro
滚装/滚卸法，滚装运输
rollover
1. Reinvestment of money received from a
maturing security in a similar security.
2. Term used for a delay allowed by a lender to
borrower in making a principal payment on a loan.
With governments, rollovers in the form of
refundings or refinancings are routine.
滚转法
1．把从到期证券收到的钱再投资于类似的证券。
2．指贷款人允许借款人推迟对一项贷款本金的
偿还。就政府而言，以重新融资方式进行滚转，
属例行公事。
rollover credit
展期信贷
见revolving credit
rollover of gains
利润的再投资，利润的滚转
rollover project, program
持续性项目，滚动计划
root crops
块根作物
rootstock crops; rhizomes
根茎作物， 根茎
rotating savings and credit association - ROSCA
Type of savings institution whereby each member
contributes a certain sum each month and the entire
proceeds for that month are given to one individual.
Each member takes it in turn to be the recipient.
轮流储蓄和信贷协会（简写为ROSCA）
储蓄机构的一种，由每一成员按月缴纳一笔资
金，并将当月交纳的资金总额给予某一成员。每
个成员轮流接受这笔资金成为受益人。
roundwood
圆木，圆材
routine maintenance
例行（日常）维修，常规保养
row crops
条种作物，需中耕作物
Rules of Procedure for Arbitration Proceedings
(Arbitration Rules) [ICSID]
《仲裁程序规则》（仲裁规则）[解决投资争端
国际中心]
Rules of Procedure for Conciliation Proceedings
(Conciliation Rules) [ICSID]
《调解程序规则》（调解规则）[解决投资争端
国际中心]
Rules of Procedure for the Institution of Conciliation
and Arbitration Proceedings (Institution Rules)
[ICSID]
《调解和仲裁的组织程序规则》（组织规则）[解
决投资争端国际中心]
Rules of Procedure for Meetings of the Executive
Directors
执行董事会会议程序规则
runaway inflation
恶性通货膨胀
running average; moving average
The average rate of interest applied to an
outstanding loan, based on the rates applied on all
previous disbursements, weighted, where necessary,
to allow for different levels of disbursement.
移动平均数，连续平均数
即一项未偿还贷款余额的平均利率。该利率是根
据以前所有支付额的利率决定的，并在需要时进
行加权，以进行不同级别的支付。
running contract
A contract for the supply of an approximate quantity
over or below the approximate quantity mentioned
in the contract. This reduces the holding cost and is
normally applied to goods for which prices are not
subject to appreciable market fluctuations.
活动合同，不定量合同
指一种供货合同，卖方可灵活提供与合同中所规
定的近似数量或多或少的货物。这样可以降低存
货成本，一般用于价格不易受市场波动影响的货
物。
running costs
经营费用，日常费用，运行成本
run-of-mine coal; mine run coal
Ungraded coal of various sizes as it comes from the
mine.
未分等级的煤
刚出矿还没有分等级的大小不一的煤。
run-of-the-river hydroelectric power plant
Hydroelectric power plant that uses water flow as it
comes in the river, with little or no storage to allow
for modifications in demand or water flow.
水口电站
利用河流中的水流进行发电的电站。由于没有或
很少有蓄水，因此不能对需求或水量进行调节。
runoff [water]
水的径流，流量[水]
runoff irrigation
径流灌溉