- Q -
qualifications*
资格，合格证明
qualified agreement to reimburse
Agreement given by the Bank to a commercial bank
to enable a borrower to make purchases under a loan
agreement prior to disbursement of the funds. The
guarantee is qualified and the Bank has the right to
cancel its guarantee should the loan be suspended or
cancelled.
有条件偿付协议
世界银行向某一商业银行签发的协议，使借款人
得以在贷款协议下，在支付资金以前进行采购。
这种保证是有条件的，即在该贷款暂停或取消的
情况下，世界银行有权撤消它的保证。
见irrevocable agreement to reimburse。
qualified bidder
A bidder for a contract who has prequalified, i.e.
who has been deemed capable of performing a
particular contract satisfactorily based on past
performance, quality of staff and equipment and
financial position.
合格的投标人
指经过资格预审的合同投标商。即根据过去的业
绩表现、职工素质、设备质量和财务状况，被认
为是能够令人满意地完成某项合同的投标商。
qualified borrowing(s) [currency pool]
Originally, borrowings by IBRD after July 1, 1982
(i.e. based on the pool-based variable lending rate),
using proxy borrowings. Under the current system
(May 1989), they are defined to exclude borrowings
that are determined by the Bank to fund investments
and any new differentiated loan product should the
Bank wish to offer one in the future. The extraction
of borrowings that fund investments would be made
separately for each currency. The term Qualified
Borrowings 1982 is used to describe the old system.
限定性借款[货币总库]
原先是指在1982年7月1日以后使用受托借款的
国际复兴开发银行借款（即以总库制资金可变利
率为基础的借款）。按现行制度（1989年5月），
限定性借款不包括世界银行用于投资和其他新
的差别性贷款项目（如世界银行在将来拟提供的
话）。用于投资的借款按每种货币分别进行提款。
“1982年限定性借款”这个术语指的是旧制度。
qualified guarantee
附带条件的保证、抵押品
qualified instrument of commitment
Agreement by a member country to pay its
subscription and contribution in part, with the
remainder subject to enactment by its legislature of
the necessary legislation.
有条件的承诺协议
一个世界银行会员国关于支付其认缴股份和捐
赠款的有条件的承诺协议，同意先支付一部分，
其余部分需俟其立法当局通过必要的方案以后
再行支付。
qualified majority
合法多数
qualified opinion [auditing]
An auditor´s opinion that indicates that the auditor
has found deficiencies in the financial statements, as
regards the accounting (e.g. reservations on
acceptability of the accounting policies and their
consistent application) or auditing (e.g. timing of
appointment after valuation of inventories or other
assets) or there is significant uncertainty due, e.g. to
the outcome of major lawsuits or other contingent
liabilities.
附带条件的意见[审计]
一项审计师意见，表示审计人在财务报表中发现
一些问题，如会计（例如对会计政策和其应用的
一致性方面有保留意见）或审计（例如在存货和
其他资产估值后进行的及时委任）方面的问题，
或存在诸如重要的法律诉讼结果未明的不定因
素，等等。
qualifying shares
Stock, possession of which enables the holder to buy
further stock at a predetermined (reduced) price.
保证股
拥有保证股意味着将来可按既定价格（折价）购
买更多的股票。
qualitative coinsurance
Insurance involving two or more underwriters with
the different underwriters underwriting different
risks pertaining to the same project.
(保险业)质量共保
两家或两家以上保险商共同为一个项目下不同
的险种进行保险。
quality loan [IBRD]
A Bank loan which has been carefully prepared and
is financially viable.
高质量贷款[国际复兴开发银行]
指一项经过仔细准备并在财务上有活力的世界
银行贷款。
quality premium
质量升水，质量增价
quantitative coinsurance
Insurance involving two or more underwriters with
the different underwriters underwriting separate
tranches of a single large risk.
(保险业)数量共保
两家或两家以上保险商共同为一个大险种下的
不同部分进行保险。
quantity surveyor
（建筑工程）估料师，数量鉴定人
quantity theory of money
Theory holding that the overall level of prices is
proportional to the size of the money supply. A key
monetarist theory.
货币数量学说
这种学说认为，整个物价水平是与货币供应量的
大小成比例的。这是一种主要的货币学说。
quantum index
数量指数
quasi-equity
Includes equity-like instruments and other forms of
loans that have the form of equity or equity that has
the form of loans. An example is equity with a put
agreement, i.e. unlike normal equity, the investor
requires return of the equity, for example, in five
years at ten percent interest.
准股本，准股权
包括类股本票据和其它带有股本形式的贷款或
带有贷款形式的股本。例子之一是带有卖方选择
权协议的股本，与正规的股本不同，它的投资者
要求股本有收益，如在5年之内按10%的利息收
取报酬。
quasi-money
准货币
见near money
quayage; wharfage; wharfage charges; dockage
码头费，停泊费
queuing theory, problem
Mathematical techniques including probability
theory used in operations research to identify,
illustrate and, it is hoped, influence the
characteristics of queues, whether of people,
materials, work-in-progress, etc.
排队理论，排队问题论
指一种包含概率论的数学技术，用于业务研究中
对排队（不管是人、材料还是正在进行的工作，
等等）特点的认定、描述并期望对其施加影响。
quick assets
流动资产
见liquid assets
quick disbursing (loan); fast disbursing (loan)
快速支付（贷款）
quick maturing investments*
短期投资，迅速到达偿还期的投资
quick ration
速动比率
见acid-test ratio
quick yielding project [IBRD]
A project which brings a more rapid return than
usual, i.e. after only a few years, and often means
faster disbursements.
速见效益项目[国际复兴开发银行]
一个比通常能带来更迅速收益的项目，如只需要
几年时间；通常是指支付较快的项目。
quiet emergency
缓慢出现的灾害
见slow onset emergency