- N -
narrow money
Easily available money, i.e. cash, checking accounts,
very short-term liquid funds, etc. Equivalent to M1.
狭义货币（相当于美国的MI）
易于获得的货币，即现金、支票帐户、极短期流
动资金，等等。等于M1。
national agricultural research system - NARS
国家农业研究系统（简写为NARS）
national environmental action plan - NEAP
Environmental action plan at the level of an
individual country. They are intended to ensure that
decision-makers take environmental issues into
consideration in policy formulation and are closely
linked to World Bank projects.
国家环境行动计划（简写为NEAP）
指国家一级的环境行动计划。这些计划旨在保证
国家政策制定者在政策形成过程中考虑到环境
问题，并是与世界银行项目密切相关的。
natural capital
The natural environment. Includes land,
watercourses, the oceans, the air, etc.
自然资本
指自然环境。它包括土地、河流、海洋和空气等。
natural gas liquids - NGL
液态天然气（简写为MGL）
natural wastage; attrition*
自然损耗，自然消减
near cash instruments
Instrument that can be converted to cash in a very
short time.
准现金票据
可以在很短时间内转换成现金的票据。
near money; quasi-money
Assets which have properties resembling those of
money in the strict sense. Includes savings deposits,
time deposits, certificates of deposits, deposits in
thrift institutions, etc.
准货币
在严格意义上，指具有类似货币性质的资产，包
括储蓄存款、定期存款、定期存款单、在储蓄机
构的存款等。
negative amortization loan
Installment loan having the annuity principal as a
basis for computation, whose fixed periodic
payments increase from time to time, e.g. annually,
bi-annually. Initial installments typically are
insufficient to meet the interest accruing on the loan
principal and unpaid balances of interest are added
to the principal outstanding. As the periodic
installments increase in value they become sufficient
to meet the interest due and commence reducing the
principal outstanding.
负分期偿还贷款
以年本金为基础计算的分期偿还贷款，其定期偿
付额按时增加（如每年或每两年一次）。初次分
期偿还额一般不足以抵补贷款本金所积欠的利
息，未支付的利息加在积欠本金余额上。随着定
期分期偿还值的增加，它们将足以抵补到期利
息，并开始减少积欠本金。
negative pledge clause
Clause in loan agreement obligating the borrower
not to grant security without equally securing the
loan in question.
限制抵押条款
贷款协定中的一项条款，要求借款人在未给本贷
款作出同等抵押前，不得给其它贷款作出抵押。
negative rate of interest
负利率
negative sum game
负收益策略
negative term transformation*
消极期限转换
negotiated contract*
谈判成交的合同
net beneficial product
净效益产品
net benefit investment ratio
The ratio between the present worth of net benefits
and the present worth of an investment;
alternatively, the sum of present worths after the
incremental net benefit stream has become positive,
divided by the sum of present worths in the earlier
years of the project.
净效益投资比率
指净效益的现值与一项投资现值的比率，亦即在
新增的净效益流成为正数以后的总值的现值，除
以项目早期总值的现值。
net book value; current equity investment; net
investment
The contribution value plus covered retained
earnings, less remitted earnings, less depreciation of
assets or other commercial losses. Used by some
countries as a basis for computing the amount of
compensation.
帐面净值；当期股本投资；净投资
即出资价值加上留存盈利，减去已分派盈利，再
减去资产折旧或其他商业损失。在一些国家里用
作计算赔偿额的基础。
net calorific value - NCV; lower heating value; net
heating value - NHV
Total amount of heat produced by combustion less
the latent heat of evaporation of any water present in
fuel before combustion.
净卡路里值（简写为NCV）；低热值；净热值（简
写为NHV）
燃烧产生的总热量减去用于蒸发燃烧前燃料中
所含水份的热量。
net cash requirements - NCR
Gross disbursements plus outstanding debts due to
mature, less repayments and sales of loans, less net
income adjusted for non-cash items, less the increase
in usable capital.
净现金需要（简写为NCR）
总支付额加上未偿还债务余额中到期部分，减去
偿还和出售贷款数额，减去按非现金科目调整后
的净收入，再减去可用资本的增加部分。
net cash revenue*
净现金收入
net discounted value
净贴现值
net energy ratio - NER
Ratio between delivered net energy demand and
GDP.
净能源比率(简写为NER)
即已得到满足的的净能源需求与国内生产总值
之间的比率。
net factor service income
Net income derived directly from the provision of
services.
净要素服务收入
直接来自劳务的净收入。
net heating value - NHV; net calorific value - NCV;
lower heating value
Total amount of heat produced by combustion less
the latent heat of evaporation of any water present in
fuel before combustion.
净热值（简写为NHV）；净卡路里值（简写为
NCV）；低热值
燃烧产生的总热量减去用于蒸发燃烧前燃料中
所含水份的热量。
net income
Revenues less operating costs.
净收入
收入减去经营成本。
net interest margin on average earning assets
Average interest return on loans and investments
less average rate of debt interest expenses. Return
on investments includes realized capital gains and
losses.
平均生利资产的净利差幅度
即放款和投资的平均利息收益减去平均债务利
息支出。投资收益包括已实现的资本收益和损
失。
net investment
净投资
见net book value
net material product - NMP
The total amount of material goods and services
associated with production supplied by the national
economy. Used in the national accounting of the
socialist countries.
物质生产净值（简写为NMP）
与国民经济提供的生产相关联的物质产品和劳
务的总值。用于社会主义国家的国民帐户。
net of taxes
税后净值
net out
净得
net present value in efficiency prices - ENVP
The present value of net benefits measured in
efficiency prices.
效率价格净现值（简写为ENVP）
用效率价格衡量的净收益的现值。
net present worth, value - NPW, NPV
The net value or net benefit of a project when all
costs have been discounted to the present at the
accounting rate of interest. May be positive or
negative but for project to be acceptable must be
either zero or positive.
净现值（简写为NPW，NPV）
按会计利率把所有成本贴现后得出的一个项目
的净值或净收益。其结果可能有正有负，但对项
目的可行性而言，必须是零或正的才能接受。
亦见social net present value
net profits interest [oil]
A share of gross production from a property,
measured by net profits from operation of the
property. It is carved out of the working interest.
净利润收益[石油]
指一项财产总产值中的一个份额，以该财产经营
中的净利润来衡量。它是从（石油业）的开采权
益中分割出来的。
net realizable value
可实现净价
见current exit value
net register tonnage - NRT
The gross register tonnage of a ship (calculated on
cubic capacity at 100 cu ft per ton) less engine room,
navigation, light, air, locker room spaces, etc. It
represents the actual carrying capacity of the ship.
净注册吨位（简写为NTR）
船舶的总注册吨位（按每吨100立方英尺计算的
立方容积）减去机房、导航、灯光、通风和储藏
间等空间。它代表船舶的实际运载能力。
net reproduction rate - NRR
Number of daughters a newborn girl is projected to
bear during her lifetime, assuming fixed age-specific
fertility rates and a fixed set of mortality rates.
净生育率（简写为NRR）
在假定特定年龄的生育率和死亡率均不变的条
件下，一名新生女孩在其一生中将生育的女孩数
目。
net unrealized gain
The difference between unrealized gain and specific
reserves in the equity portfolio.
未实现收益净额
未实现收益同股本投资组合中的专项准备金之
间的差额。
net worth [individuals, private corporations]
The excess of all assets over liabilities. In a company
this represents the net interests of the owners, i.e.
stockholders´ equity.
净值[个人，私营公司]
指资产总额超过负债总额的部分。在公司中，它
代表业主的净利益，即股东权益。
net worth
净值
见stockholder´s equity [corporations]
netback value [energy]
Value of oil or gas taking the price paid downstream
for the product less the transportation and other costs
incurred between the wellhead and the downstream
place of sale.
倒求净值[能源]
即用下游用户为产品支付的价格，减去从井口到
下游销售地的运费和其他费用而求出石油和天
然气的价值。
network analysis
网络分析
network diagram
网络图解
New International Economic Order - NIEO*
国际经济新秩序（简写为NIEO）
newly agro-industrialized economy - NAE
新兴农业-产业化经济（简写为NAE）
newly industrialized country - NIC
Used in OECD classifications, this refers to those
countries at a relatively advanced level of economic
development with a substantial and dynamic
industrial sector and with close links to the
international trade, finance and investment system
(Argentina, Brazil, Greece, Hong Kong, Korea,
Mexico, Portugal, Singapore, Spain, Taiwan and
Yugoslavia).
新兴工业化国家和地区（简写为NIC）
经济合作与发展组织分类用语，指那些经济发展
比较先进，具有相当大规模和有活力的工业部
门，并同国际贸易、金融、投资体系有着密切联
系的国家（如阿根廷、巴西、希腊、中国香港、
韩国、墨西哥、葡萄牙、新加坡、西班牙、中国
台湾和前南斯拉夫）。
newly industrializing country - NIC
A general term, often used synonymously with
newly industrialized country, used by the Bank but
not as one of their official classifications.
新兴工业化中的国家和地区（简写为NIC）
一个概括性的名称，常常与新兴工业化国家和地
区一词通用。世界银行使用这一名词，但不作为
正式分类名称。
new money packages
一揽子新货币
“new style” project [IBRD]
Project geared less toward large infrastructure
construction (often carried out almost entirely by
foreign contractors) and more toward smaller efforts
using local staff, emphasizing appropriate
technology and low-cost design, using and/or
strengthening local institutions, having a built-in
monitoring and evaluation system and paying
attention to cost recovery from beneficiaries.
“新型”项目[国际复兴开发银行]
这类项目较少侧重于（往往几乎全部由外国承包
商实施的）大型基础设施建设，而更多侧重于使
用当地人员，强调采用适用技术和低成本的设
计，利用和（或）加强当地机构，具有内在的监
测和评价制度，并注意从受益者身上收回成本。
next-in-line manager
上一级直接领导
niche market
具有优势的市场
night soil
大粪
NIMBY (not-in-my-backyard)
The idea that people favor, e.g. waste disposal sites,
anywhere but in their immediate environment.
不要在我的后院
人们赞成的一种观念，即可以在任何地方，但不
要在他们附近的环境里建立垃圾处理场所。
nitrogen, nitrogenous fertilizer
氮肥
nitrogen oxides (NOx)
Compounds which affect the human respiratory
system and plant growth. In combination with SOx,
one of the causes of acid rain.
氧化氮
影响人类呼吸系统和植物生长的化合物。与氧化
硫（SOx）相结合后，成为形成酸雨的原因之一。
nitrous oxide
A greenhouse gas.
一氧化二氮
一种温室气体。
no load fund
Money market fund that does not charge a fixed fee
commission to investors.
无佣金基金，不收手续费的基金
不向投资者收取手续费的货币市场基金。
nominal effective exchange rate
An effective exchange rate which is not adjusted for
relative inflation differentials.
名义有效汇率
没有按与通货膨胀有关的差幅进行调整的有效
汇率。
nominal price
名义价格
nominal protection coefficient - NPC
A coefficient that takes into account tariffs, quotas
and nontariff barriers that protect farmers as well as
the impact of export taxes or restrictions that
penalize farmers and the over- or undervaluation of
the exchange rate, when determining the incentives
or disincentives farmers face in different countries.
名义保护系数（简写为NPO）
这种系数考虑到保护农民的关税、配额和非关税
壁垒，也考虑到不利于农民的出口税或其他限
制，以及汇率高估或低估对不同国家农民产生的
激励和反激励影响。
nominal service
基本服务
nominated subcontractor
Subcontractor approved by the employer or
engineer.
指定的分包商
指由业主或工程师批准的分包商。
nomination
指定
nonaccelerating-wages rate of unemployment -
NAWRU
The level of unemployment at which wage growth
might be kept stable.
无工资增长的失业率（简写为NAWRU）
可使工资增长保持稳定的失业水平。
nonaccrual rate [World Bank]
Percentage of loans in nonaccrual status.
非应计率[世界银行]
非应计状况下的贷款比率。
nonaccrual status
When a borrower is placed in nonaccrual status,
accrued interest is eliminated from the financial
statement receivable balances and interest income is
correspondingly reduced. During the time the
borrower remains in nonaccrual status, interest
income is reflected in the financial statement only to
the extent actually received in cash. Placing a
borrower in nonaccrual status in no way affects the
interest payment obligations to the borrower;
interest continues to be billed on the original terms
of the loan.
非应计状况[世界银行]
借款人处于非应计状况时，应计利息不再出现在
财务报表的应收余额上，利息收入也相应减少。
在借款人处于非应计状况其间，利息收入只有在
实际收到现金时才反映在财务报表中。将借款人
置于非应计状况绝不影响其支付利息的义务，利
息仍按原定的贷款条件收取。
nonaccrual trigger point, date
Period, usually six months, before a loan or credit is
put into nonaccrual status.
非应计状况触发点，日期
即把一笔贷款或信贷置于非应计状况之前的一
段时间，通常为6个月。
nonaccruing loan
非应计贷款
见nonperforming loan
nonctive borrower
停止借款的国家
见active borrower
nonassociated gas
Free gas not in contact with crude oil in the
reservoir.
非伴生天然气
在石油油藏中与原油不接触的单独的天然气。
Nonbank bank; nonbank finacian institution*
非银行金融机构
nonbulk traffic
Carriage of small items, not in bulk form.
非大宗运输品
指小件物品的承运，而非大宗或散装的形式。
noncallable [bond]
Bond or other instrument that cannot be recalled or
redeemed prior to maturity.
不可提前收回的[债券]
不可在到期日以前收回或偿还的债券或其他票
据。
noncash expenses
Depreciation and amortization for the year and other
expenses appearing in an income statement which
are not subject to cash drawn down, and which
should be added to net income in preparing a sources
and applications of funds statement.
非现金开销
当年的折旧和摊销以及在损益表中出现的其他
开销。这些费用并不带来现金的减少，而在编制
资金来源和运用表时应加在净收入上。
noncash input
Agricultural input not in the form of cash.
非现金投入
非现金形式的农业投入。
noncash item
非现金科目
noncash working capital
Working capital not in cash form, i.e. receivables
and inventories.
非现金流动资金
非现金形式的流动资金，如应收款和库存。
nonconcessional, nonconcessionary flows
非优惠性资金流量
noncore project
Opposite of a core project, i.e. a project not in one of
the key designated by the Government.
非核心项目
核心项目的反义词，即不是政府指定的重点项目
之一。
non debt - creating flows*
不产生债务的资金流动
non-18% currency
Protected 18% currency recovered by the Bank
under the accelerated recall procedure and
exchanged for an equivalent amount of currency
freely convertible and usable by the Bank.
非18%货币[世界银行]
世界银行按照“加速回收”程序收回的已加保护
的18%货币，并兑换成等值的可自由兑换并可由
世界银行使用的货币。
nonequity direct investment
Any of the following forms of investment which
have terms of at least three years and the other
characteristics individually specified. Investments
such as: production-sharing contracts, profit-
-sharing contracts, management contracts, franchising
agreements, licensing agreements, turnkey
contracts, operating leasing agreements and
subordinated debentures.
非股本直接投资
指以下任何一种形式，期限至少三年，并具有逐
一确定的特性的投资。这类投资包括产品分享合
同、利润分享合同、管理合同、特许权协议、许
可证协议、交钥匙合同、经营性租赁协议和次级
信用债券。
nonexcludable, nonexcludible goods
A good is said to be non-excludable if its provision
to any one person automatically makes it available to
others.
非独家商品，非排他货物
指只要向一家供应，就自动成为其他家也可以得
到的货物。
nonexpendable equipment
Used in UNDP to cover all items for which
inventory records are maintained at Agency HQ, i.e.
valued at more than $100 with a normal life
expectancy of more than 5 years.
非消耗性设备
联合国开发计划署对所有记录在机构总部存货
中的物品的称谓。即价值在100美元以上，正常
预计使用寿命在5年以上的物品。
nonfactor services - n.f.s.
In balance of payments, all services except for
interest payments and other income from capital and
wages, salaries and other income from labor.
非要素服务(简写为n.f.s.)
指在国际收支平衡表中，所有除了利息支付和来
自资本、工资、薪水的其他收入及来自劳务的其
它收入之外的所有服务。
non-food agricultural commodity
非食品农业商品
Non-Food Agricultural Price Index [IBRD]
非食品农产品价格指数[国际复兴开发银行]
nonformal education
Education taking place outside of schools, colleges
and universities and aiming to develop knowledge,
skills and attitudes that are not normally given
prominence in formal educational institutions.
非正规教育
在学校、学院和大学以外的地方进行的教育，旨
在开发通常为正规教育机构所不重视的知识、技
能和修养。
nonfuel minerals
非燃料矿物
nongovernmental organization - NGO
非政府组织（简写为NGO）
noninterest bearing note
不附息票据
noninterest current account deficit
不带息的经常项目赤字
noninterest deficit
非利息赤字
见primary deficit
nonmarket economy
非市场经济
nonmarket services [national accounts]
Services that do not have a commercial aim. Usually
used for the services provided by local and national
government and other official bodies.
非市场服务[国民帐户]
没有商业目的的服务。通常用来指地方和国家政
府及其它官方机构提供的服务。
nonnegotiable note
非流通票据，不可转让票据
nonoil developing country
非石油出口发展中国家
nonoperating income
The revenue of an enterprise derived from sources
other than its regular activities.
营业外收入，非营业收入
一个企业从其常规业务活动以外的来源取得的
收入。
nonoriginal member [MIGA]
Full member, i.e. has signed and ratified the
Convention and paid initial capital subscription as
required by Resolution No. 12. of the Council of
Governors, adopted on March 1989, since adoption
of this Resolution.
非创始会员国[多边投资担保机构]
指在1989年3月理事会采纳12号决议以来，按该
决议要求，签署和批准“多边投资担保机构公
约”，并缴纳初始认购资本的正式会员国。
non-pension retiree medical costs
吴养老金的退休人员医疗费用
nonperforming assets
Assets which have no financial return.
无盈利效能的资产，不良资产
没有财务收益的资产。
nonperforming debt
A debt which has no financial return (i.e. no interest
is paid on it).
无利息收入的放款
一笔没有财务收益（即没有利息收入）的债务。
nonperforming loan; nonaccruing loan
Loan where payment of interest has been delayed for
more than 90 days.
暂无利息收益的贷款；非应计贷款
利息拖欠超过90天的贷款。
nonpoint source
Discharge of pollutants from a non-specific source.
Includes runoff from city streets, parking lots,
agricultural land and construction sites.
无确定地点的污染源
从一个没有确定地点的源头排放出来的污染物，
包括从城市街道、停车场、农田和建筑工地排放
出来的污物。
nonportfolio project [IFC]
Project carried out by IFC that does not form part of
its loan portfolio, e.g. providing technical assistance.
非贷款业务项目[国际金融公司]
由国际金融公司进行的不构成其贷款资产的项
目，例如提供技术援助。
nonprice competition
非价格竞争
nonprofit organization; not-for-profit organization
非盈利组织
nonproject aid
非项目援助
nonproprietary name
无注册牌名，非专利品名
nonpurpose loan
不规定用途的贷款
nonrecourse finance
A loan where the lenders look solely to the cash flow
generated by the project being financed for
repayment. There is no recourse to the sponsor of
the project, so that the lenders assume all the
commercial and political risks of the project.
无追索权的融资
贷款人只期望靠项目产生的现金流量来偿还贷
款的融资项目。因对项目的发起人没有追索权，
故由贷款人承担该项目的所有商业和政治风险。
nonrecourse participation
Sales of participation in a company where the sale is
on a “nonrecourse” basis, i.e. the buyer has no
recourse against the seller if the project fails to
generate money.
无追索权的参与
指在“无追索权”的基础上出售在一个公司中的
参股；即假如项目不能赚钱，买方对卖方没有追
索权。
nonrecurring expenses
非经常性费用，临时费用
nonregular staff - NRS
非正式职工（简写为NRS）
nonreporting nonmember country
非报告非会员国
nonresponsive
不作出反应的，无反应的
nonrevenue water
Water that is supplied but for which no revenue is
collected (e.g. illegal extraction, leakages).
无收入供水
指得不到收入的供水（如非法抽取，漏失等）。
nonstock corporation
非股份公司
nontariff barrier - NTB
Factors other than tariffs inhibiting international
trade. Include advance deposits on import payments,
customs and administrative procedures and similar
practices.
非关税壁垒（简写为NTB）
指关税以外阻碍国际贸易的因素，包括进口付款
的预付金、海关和行政手续以及其他类似做法。
nontradable [noun]
A good that cannot be exported because its domestic
cost of production is higher than the export (fob)
price but lower than the import (cif) price.
非贸易物品[名词]
由于国内生产成本高于出口价格（离岸价），但
低于进口价格（到岸价），因而不能出口的货物。
nontraded goods
Tradable goods that for economic or policy reasons
are neither imported nor exported, or inherently
non-tradable goods.
非贸易物品
由于经济或政策上的原因，既不进口也不出口一
些的可贸易货物；或是本来意义上的非贸易货
物。
nontraded tradable; tradable but nontraded (good,
item)
Goods which would usually be imported were it not
for an import quota or outright ban enforced against
them.
非贸易的可贸易物品，可贸易的非贸易物品
即如果不是进口配额或直接地禁止进口的缘故，
通常会进口的货物。
“no objection” (procedure)
Procedure whereby a proposal is deemed approved
if no objection is formally received by a specified
date.
“不反对意见”（程序）
在规定日期内如不见正式提出异议，即被认为已
通过的程序。
no recourse sale
Sale where the buyer has no legal recourse against
the seller.
无追索权销售
指买方对卖方没有法律上的追索权的销售。
no-return equity
无收益股本
normal financing
正常融资
not applicable - n.a.
不适用（简写为n.a.）
not available - n.a.
不详、无资料可引（简写为n.a.）
notebook computer
笔记本式电脑
not elsewhere specified - n.e.s.
未另说明（简写为n.e.s）
not-for-profit organization; nonprofit organization
非赢利组织
not included elsewhere - n.i.e.
别处未包括的，未另列明（简写为n.i.e）
not-in-my-backyard
不要在我的后院
见NIMBY
note [capital markets]
A bond with short- or medium-term maturity.
票据[资本市场]
短期或中期债券。
note deposit [IDA]
无息票据存款[国际开发协会]
note issuance facility - NIF 票据保险措施（简写为
NIF）
见revolving underwriting facility
note issue
期票发行
notice of registration
Notice sent to applicant on receipt of preliminary
application for guarantee to show that the investment
has been registered by MIGA.
登记通知
收到初步担保申请时发给申请者的通知，表示多
边投资担保机构已将该项投资登记在案。
notice to proceed [contracts]
A letter sent to a vendor prior to the issuance of a
contract to ensure that certain basic agreements are
clearly understood by both parties. When signed by
both parties, this document establishes a contractual
relationship and is legally binding.
开工通知[合同]
在发包前给卖主的一封信，以保证双方对某些基
本协议已明确地理解。在双方签字之后，该文件
即确立了合同关系，并具有法律约束力。
nuclear housing
核心住房
见core housing
nuclearization [education]
核心化，小型化[教育]
nucleus estate
A central unit in the form of a processing plant or
plantation that provides technical assistance, inputs
and marketing services to its associated outgrowers
who, in return, sell their products through the unit.
中心场、站
以加工厂或种植场为形式的一个中心单位，向与
其有关的外围种植户提供技术援助、投入物和销
售服务。后者则通过它出售产品。
nuisance tariff
Very low tariff established merely to cause a
nuisance.
烦扰税
只是为了带来麻烦而征收的非常低的关税。
numeracy
识数能力
numeraire
货币兑换率标准，法币，硬币
nurse crop; cover crop
保护作物，覆盖作物
nurse
护士
见practical nurse
nutrients
营养成分
nutritional dwarfing
营养不良性身材矮小
见stunting