- I -
ICSID clauses
解决投资争端国际中心条款
IDA-eligible country
Developing country which is entitled to receive IDA
credits because its per capita income is below the
IDA norm.
符合国际开发协会信贷条件的国家
由于人均国民收入低于国际开发协会标准，因而
有资格接受国际开发协会发放的信贷的发展中
国家。
IDA flows*
国际开发协会资金流动
IDA management fee
国际开发协会管理费
IDA recipient
国际开发协会受援国
IDA reflows
Payments received by IDA in the form of
reimbursements for credits made.
国际开发协会资金回流
指国际开发协会收到的、对已发放的信贷的偿还
款项。
IDA´s “free-funds”
Funds provided to IDA in a freely convertible
currency or in a member´s currency if available for
financing procurement in the territory of the
member, if there is a reasonable expectation that
such resources will be fully used for procurement in
such territory during the disbursement period.
国际开发协会“自由资金”
（会员国）向国际开发协会提供的可自由兑换的
货币或用于在该会员国领土内进行采购的会员
国货币。条件是，根据合理的预期，这项资金在
支付期内可以完全用于在该国领土内进行的采
购。
idle cash
闲置现金、游资
IFC Global Indexes (IFCG Indexes)
The IFCG Indexes are neutral and reliable
benchmarks of emerging markets´ performance,
calculated in a uniform manner. They include price
and total return indexes for 20 emerging markets, as
well as a composite index for those 20 markets and
regional indexes for Latin America and Asia. Stocks
are selected for inclusion in each index on the basis
of three criteria: market capitalization, liquidity, and
industry classification.
国际金融公司全球指数（简写为IFCG Indexes）
是衡量新兴市场表现业绩的中立、可靠的基准指
数。它包括20个新兴市场的价格和总收益指数，
以及这20个市场的综合指数和拉美、亚洲的地区
指数。每一指数中的入选股票都是根据3项标准
确定的，即市场资本化程度、流动性和产业分类。
IFC Investable Indexes (IFCI Indexes)
These Indexes are calculated using the same factors
as the IFC Global Indexes but also take into account
the extent to which national laws, regulations, or
company statutes prohibit or limit foreign
ownership. They thus provide global investors with
a definitive benchmark of the performance of stocks
in emerging markets in which they can invest.
国际金融公司可投资指数（简写为IFCI Indexes）
这些指数是采用与国际金融公司全球指数相同
的因素进行计算的，但也考虑到国家法律、规定
或公司法令禁止或限制外国所有权的程度。因
此，它们向全球投资者提供新兴市场上可供投资
的股票的明确的业绩基准。
IFC risk assets-equity ratio
Ratio calculated by measuring the risk content of
IFC´s assets in relation to the sum of paid-in capital
and retained earnings.
国际金融公司风险资产-股本比率
根据国际金融公司资产的风险含量与已缴资本
和留存盈利之间的关系计算出来的比率。
IFC service and support fee*
国际金融公司劳务和支持费
illegal housing
非法住房、违章住房建筑
illegality clause
Clause in a loan agreement which allows the lender
to ask for repayment of his funds if a change in
national legislation obliges him to withdraw from
the loan.
不合法（或违约）条款
贷款协定中的一项条款，允许贷款人在国家法规
变化迫使其撤销贷款时，要求偿还他的资金。
illiteracy rate
Proportion of population 15 years and older who
cannot, with understanding, both read and write a
short simple statement on every day life.
文盲率
不能在理解的基础上读懂并写出一个简短日常
生活用语的15岁及15岁以上人口的比率。
immunity from taxation
免税
impact (evaluation) report
效果(评价)报告
Implementation Completion Report - ICR
项目竣工报告（简写为ICR）
implementation review*
执行情况检查
implementing agency
执行机构，实施机构
implementing agreement
执行协议，实施协议
implicit deflator
Obtained by taking each component of gross
national product in as fine detail as possible and
deflating it from current data. Once deflated the
components are again aggregated to obtain GNP in
constant dollars.
隐性物价缩减指数
该指数尽可能细地抽取国民生产总值的各个组
成部分，从现有数据中折算得出。折算后再重新
合并，从而得出以不变美元计算的国民生产总
值。
implicit gross domestic product deflator
A deflator calculated by dividing, for each year of
the period, the value of GDP in current market prices
by the value of GDP in constant market prices, both
in national currency.
隐性国内生产总值缩减指数
该缩减指数的计算方法是用一定时期内各年度
按现行市场价格计算的国内生产总值除以按不
变价格计算的国内生产总值（均按国内货币计
算）。
implied money control theory
隐性货币控制论
import coefficient
进口系数
import component
进口构成部分
import coverage index
进口覆盖指数
import coverage ratio
The rate at which imports are covered by exports.
进出覆盖比率
指出口对销进口的比率。
import growth rate
进口增长率
import-intensive
进口密集
import levy
进口税收、征收进口税
import licensing
进口许可证制度
import parity price
The estimated price at the farm gate or project
boundary derived by adjusting the cif or fob prices
by all the relevant charges between the farm gate and
the project boundary and the point where the cif or
fob price is quoted.
进口平价，进口等值价格
农场门口或项目边界交货的估价，是根据农场门
口至项目边界地和到岸价或离岸价的报价点之
间的各项相关收费进行调整后的到岸价和离岸
价得出的。
import penetration ratio*
进口渗入率
import substitution industries*
进口替代工业
import quota
进口配额
import subsidy
进口补贴
import substitution
进口替代
import surcharge
进口附加税(费)
importing power of exports
由于出口而取得的进口能力
imprest account, fund
An account or fund maintained for payments made
in cash, commonly used as a petty cash fund. A
fixed maximum sum is kept in the fund and, as the
fund is depleted, this sum is periodically brought up
to the maximum.
预支帐户
用来支付现金的帐户或基金，一般作为小额现金
基金。该基金保持一个固定的最高额度，在使用
过程中，定期补足到最高额。
imputed costs
Generally used to mean costs that do not involve at
any time actual cash outlay and which do not,
therefore, appear in the accounting records but are
relevant to the decision at hand.
估算成本，理论成本，应计成本
一般用来指任何时候都不涉及实际现金支出，因
此也不显示在会计记录上，但与要做的决策有关
的成本。
imputed value
估算价值，应计价值
in and out expenses*
杂项费用
inactive borrower, nonactive borrower
Country that is not currently seeking new
borrowings from the Bank.
静止借款国
指目前并未向世界银行寻求新的贷款的会员国。
inactive loan
A loan which is in force but not being disbursed.
静止贷款
一笔已经生效但尚未进行支付的贷款。
Inaugural Meeting [ICSID]
成立会[解决投资争端国际中心]
in-bond industries
保税工业，关栈交货工业
incentive
激励，奖励
incentive goods*
奖励性物资
incentive payment
激励性报酬，奖金
incentive price
激励性价格
inception report
最初报告
incidence [medicine]
影响范围，发生率[医药]
incidental services
Additional services required of the supplier as
specified in the Special Conditions of Contract,
including on-site assembly, startup, provision of
tools required for assembly, provision of manuals,
etc.
附带服务
根据合同特别条件的规定要求供应商提供的额
外服务，包括现场组装、启动、提供组装工具和
使用手册等等。
income
收益，收入
income (and expenditure) account
收入（和开支）帐户
income and outlay accounts [national accounts]
Accounts showing the receipt and disbursement of
incomes by resident institutional units.
收支帐户[国民核算]
表明常驻机构单位收入和支出的帐户。
income bracket
收入等级
income effect
收入效应，收入影响
income elasticity
A measure of the change in supply and/or demand as
income changes.
收入弹性
衡量收入变化引起供应和（或）需求变化的一种
尺度。
income elasticity of demand
A measure of the percentage change in the demand
for a commodity or service as induced by a given
percentage change in the income of the individual.
需求的收入弹性
衡量个人收入的一定百分比变化引起的对某一
商品或劳务需求的百分比变化的一种尺度。
income note
Note where the income is wholly or partially
dependent on the earnings of the issuing
corporation.
收益票据
收益全部或部分依赖于票据发行公司收入的票
据。
income shortfall
收入短缺额
亦见poverty gap
income statement [US]; profit and loss account [UK]
收益表、损益表(美国)、损益表（英国)
亦见consolidated income statement
income tax
所得税
income tax [corporations]
所得税[公司]
income tax return
所得税申报书(表)
income terms of trade
The net barter terms of trade weighted by the volume
of exports. It gives an indication of the purchasing
power of exports.
收入贸易条件
即以出口额加权的净易货贸易条件，以此表明出
口带来的购买力。
incremental benefits
新增收益，增量收益
incremental budgeting
A budget process in which justification is generally
required only for increments (or decrements) to
previous budgeting levels.
增量预算法
一般只需对上期预算水平的增加部分（或减少部
分）加以说明的预算过程。
incremental building, housing
Building, usually from a core where additional
features are gradually added.
添加建筑，新增房屋
通常是在核心建筑上逐渐添加的建筑。
incremental capital-output ratio - ICOR
Ratio of the change in capital investment (net of
gross investment minus capital consumption
allowances) to the change in output. If a certain
industry adds $2.5 million net to its capital
equipment and its yearly output increases by $1
million then its ICOR is 2.5:1.
资本产出增长比率(简写为ICOR)
资本投资（总投资减去资本耗用备抵后的净额）
变化与产出变化之间的比率。如某一工业资本设
备净增加250万美元，使年产出增加100万美元，
则其资本产出增长比率为2.5:1。
incremental cost
增量成本，边际成本、新增成本
亦见average incremental cost
incremental housing, building
Building, usually from a core where additional
features are gradually added.
增长的住房，增长的建筑
一般是在核心建筑上逐渐添加的建筑。
incremental rate of return
The discount rate which equalizes the present value
of incremental costs with the incremental benefits of
the project.
增量收益率，新增收益率
使项目新增成本的现值与新增收益相等的贴现
率。
indefinite quantity contract
Contract which provides for the provision of an
indefinite quantity of specific goods or services,
within stated limits and during a specified period.
不定量合同
规定在一定限度和时期内提供某种不定数量的
商品或劳务的合同。
independent variable; predictor
自变量
indexed, index-linked bond
Bond where the coupon rate or redemption value is
indexed (to other currencies, gold, or fuel prices).
指数化的债券，与指数挂钩的债券
这种债券的息票利率或偿还价值与某种价格挂
钩（如其它币种、黄金或燃料价格）。
indexed, index-linked, index-tied loan
与物价指数挂钩的贷款
Indicative Planning Figures - IPF [UNDP]
UNDP target expenditures for technical
cooperation.
指导性计划数字（简写为IPF）[联合国开发计划
署]
联合国开发计划署技术合作的目标开支。
indicator
指数，指标
见concurrent indicator; convergent indicator;
economic indicator; lagging indicator; leading
indicator; performance indicators
indifference curve
A graphical representation of different bundles of,
say, two commodities, from the consumption of
which the individual derives the same amount of
total utility. If we assume an individual obtains the
same utility from a bundle of 5 bananas and 6
mangoes or 4 bananas and 8 mangoes or 3 bananas
and 11 mangoes, we can plot a graph with bananas as
the x-axis and mangoes as the y-axis. We get three
points for the three different bundles. The curve we
obtain by joining these points is the indifference
curve, so called because the individual is indifferent
about his choice as regards total utility.
无差异曲线
一种曲线图表示两种商品的不同组合，使消费者
个人得到的总的效用是相等的。如果我们假定某
个人分别从5个香蕉和6个芒果，4个香蕉和8个芒
果，以及3个香蕉和11个芒果等三种组合中得到
同等的效用，我们就可以取香蕉为横轴、芒果为
纵轴绘制一张图，从三种不同的组合中得到三个
点。把这三个点连接起来，就是无差异曲线。其
名称表示就总的效用而言，消费者的选择对其个
人来说并无差异。
indigenization
当地化，国产化
indigenous NGO
本国的非政府组织，当地的非政府组织
indirect costs; on-costs [UK]
间接成本[英国]
induced-by benefit
A form of indirect benefit that accrues to suppliers of
project inputs. Includes the direct and indirect value
added to national income generated by the
investment and recurrent expenditures of a project.
Equivalent to using a shadow price for a project
input for which an adjustment is made for
opportunity cost in the estimates of direct and
indirect value added. Sometimes estimated using
specialized forms of input-output multipliers.
引发效益
项目投入的供应方取得的一种间接效益。包括项
目投资和经常性费用支出所产生的国民收入的
直接和间接的增加值。相当于在估计直接和间接
增加值时对机会成本进行调整之后得出的项目
投入的影子价格。有时亦使用专用形式的投入/
产出乘数进行估算。
induced development effect; boomtown effect
The secondary growth of settlements and
infrastructure, resulting from a project.
引发发展效应；繁荣城镇效应
由一个项目带来的居民区和基础设施的间接增
长。
industrial and trade policy adjustment - ITPA
工业和贸易政策调整（简写为ITPA）
industrial and trade policy adjustment loan - ITPAL
[World Bank]
World Bank loan made to assist adjustment of a
country´s industrial and trade policy.
工业和贸易政策调整贷款(简写为ITPAL) [世界
银行]
世界银行为援助一个国家的工业和贸易政策调
整所做的贷款。
industrial deepening
Increasing the amount of the industrial sector
compared with other sectors.
工业深化
工业部门的增加超过其它部门。
industrial estate [UK], park [USA]
工业区[英国]，工业园[美国]
industrial goods
工业品
industrial market economy
工业化市场经济
industrial park [USA], estate [UK]
工业园[美国]，工业区[英国]
industrial relations; labor-management relations;
labor relations
劳资关系
ineligible
不合格的
inertial inflation
Inflation caused by spiraling wage and price
increases.
惯性通货膨胀
指工资和物价螺旋上涨所造成的通货膨胀。
infant industry
新生工业，幼稚工业
infant mortality
婴儿死亡率
infected area
受感染地区，受影响地区
inflation accounting
Accounting for dealing with the impact of inflation.
Includes the current purchasing power method
whereby accounts are expressed in terms of
purchasing units employing a retail price index;
value accounting whereby assets are measured by
reference to their value and not cost; replacement
cost accounting whereby assets are revalued from
historic to current costs.
通货膨胀会计
针对通货膨胀的影响采取的会计方法。其中包括
用零售物价指数表示购买力单位的现时购买力
法；以价值而不是成本来衡量资产的价值会计
法：把资产原成本按现时成本重新估价的重置成
本会计法。
inflationary expectations
通货膨胀预期
inflationary gap
A condition of excess aggregate spending (for
consumer, investment and government goods and
services) relative to the spending that would be
consistent with a full-employment stable economy.
The gap is actually the amount of change in spending
which would lead to stability.
通货膨胀缺口
指总支出（用于消费者、投资和政府的货物与服
务的支出），超过稳定的与充分就业经济的支出
水平。这种缺口实际上是实现稳定所需要的支出
额的变动量。
inflation premium
A premium added to a security to allow for inflation.
通货膨胀溢价
为应付通货膨胀而给证券增加的溢价。
inflation tax
Increased income tax paid as wages rise with
inflation but tax thresholds remain constant.
通货膨胀税
在工资随通货膨胀上涨而提高但税收的起征点
不变的情况下所增付的所得税。
inflow
流入，回流
见capital inflow; cash inflows; flow
inflow of capital
资本流入
informal credit
非正式信贷
informal education
非正规教育
informal meeting
非正式会议
informal sector
The sector of the economy which is not organized
and which, therefore, does not appear in official
economic statistics. Sometimes used for the
underground economy.
非正式经济部门
没有组织起来、因而在官方经济统计中不显示的
经济部门。有时用来指地下经济。
informal suspension of disbursements [IBRD]
非正式暂停支付（贷款）[国际复兴开发银行]
infrastructure developer
基础设施开发商
in-house training
内部培训
initial expenses
创办费用
initial operation
初期业务、初始经营
initial subscription [IDA]
首次认缴(股本等)，初次认缴额[国际开发协会]
initiating memorandum - IM [World Bank]
（项目的）初始备忘录（简写为IM）[世界银行]
in-kind costs
实物成本
inland fisheries, fishing
内地渔业
input
投入、投入物
input mix
投入物配置
input-output coefficient
投入产出系数
input-output model
A mathematical model of inputs and outputs to a
system. In econometrics it refers to a model
representation of an input-output table.
投入产出模型
一个系统投入和产出的数学模型。在计量经济学
中，指表现投入产出表的模型。
input-output ratio
投入产出比率
input-output table
A matrix which shows the way in which industries or
sectors interact. It generally shows, for each
industry, the amount of that industry´s output that
goes to each other industry as input (as raw materials
or as semifinished products), as well as the amount
that goes to the final markets of the economy.
投入产出表
一种表示产业或部门间相互作用方式的矩阵。一
般显示各产业的产出作为投入物（作为原料或半
成品）流向其他各产业的量，以及流向经济中最
终市场的量。
input shifting
Reducing costs by using lower priced inputs, e.g.
using contractors instead of permanent staff,
communications instead of travel.
投入物转换
采用较低价格的投入物以降低成本，例如使用合
同工而非长期职工，用通信手段代替出差旅行
等。
input subsidy
投入补助
input switching
Budget term which means managers can change
budget allocations as a result of changing cost
pressures over the range of expense accounts.
投入转换
预算术语，指当成本对整个支出帐户的压力发生
变化时，经理可以改变预算的分配。
in-service training
在职培训
insider dealer, trader
内幕交易者
insider dealing, trading
内幕交易
instability index
An index which measures the variability of world
prices for selected agricultural commodities.
不稳定指数
一种用于衡量部分农产品的国际价格变动的指
数。
installed capacity [electricity]
The maximum runoff of a hydroelectricity facility
that can be constantly maintained and utilized by
equipment.
装机能力，装机容量[电力]
水力发电设备可以经常保持和利用的最大流量。
institutional framework
组织结构，机构框架
institutional investors
机构投资者
institutional performance
机构业绩，机构表现
institutional programs [IBRD]
Programs undertaken that are required to further the
institution itself, as opposed to being part of its
operations. These would include production of the
Annual Report, Annual Meetings and the like.
机构方案[国际复兴开发银行]
因机构自身发展而需要执行的方案，不属于它本
身业务的一部分。这些方案包括出版年度报告，
举行年会等。
institutional ratio
The ratio between Bank subscriptions authorized
solely in general capital increases and IMF quotas
obtained solely from general quota increases. Used
to determine the initial share allocation of countries
joining the Bank during the period of the 1979
General Capital Increase.
机构间比率
指世界银行普遍增资中专项法定认缴股份与国
际货币基金组织普遍增加份额中专项份额之间
的比率。它是世界银行用于确定在1979年普遍增
资期间加入世界银行的国家的初始股份分配份
额。
institution building
机构建设
instructional aid
教学用具
institution-related technical assistance; soft
technical assistance
Technical assistance geared towards institutional
development as opposed to engineering-related
technical assistance.
机构性技术援助；软技术援助
与机构发展相关的技术援助，区别于与工程相关
的技术援助。
Institution Rules [ICSID]
《机构条例》，《机构规定》[解决投资争端国
际中心]
见Rules of Procedure for the Institution of
Counciliation and Arbitration Proceedings
instrument [ICSID]
票据，证券[解决投资争端国际中心]
instrument of acceptance
A legal document indicating that a state has accepted
the rules and regulations of an organization it is
joining.
接受书
一种法律文件，表示一个国家接受所加入的那个
组织的规定和条例。
insurance
保险
见social insurance
intake
摄入量，纳入量
intangible assets, property
Items or rights lacking physical existence, their
value being mainly in their income generation
potential and the rights and benefits that possession
confers.
无形资产，无形财产
不以物质形态存在的事物或权力，它们的价值主
要在于其产生收入的潜力和占有它时所获得的
权利和利益。
integrated conservation-development project - ICDP
A new type of experimental project that attempts to
link the conservation of biological diversity in
protected areas with local economic and social
development.
综合保护发展项目（简写为ICDP）
一种新型实验性项目，意在把保护区内对生物多
样性的保护同当地的经济和社会发展联系起来。
integrated management training program
综合管理培训计划
integrated pest management - IPM
Growing farm crops with fewer chemical pesticides
and more natural pest controls. Monitoring for pests
and rotating plantings, the use of pesticides can be
virtually eliminated on crops such as potatoes, corn
and apples.
综合虫害管理（简写为IPM）
即种植农作物时，少用化学农药多用天然虫害控
制的管理方法。通过对虫害和轮种作物的监测，
对诸如土豆、玉米和苹果等作物可以实际取消农
药的使用。
integrated rural development project
综合农村发展项目
integration
一体化，联合
见backward-forward integration; backward
integration
interchange
互换
见course interchange
intercompany pricing
公司间定价
intercropping
Growing two or more crops simultaneously as in
alternate rows in the same field or single tract of
land.
间种
在同一块地上或同一行间同时隔行种植两种或
两种以上的作物。
interest
利息，利益
见beneficial interest; controlling interest; covered
interest arbitrage; depositor rate of interest; effective
interest rate; working interest
interest bearing note
附息票据，计息票据
interest charges
利息费用，收取的利息
interest coverage ratio - ICR; times interest earned
ratio
Net income before interest expenses divided by
interest expenses. IFC´s definition is “The number
of times income, after deducting all expenses except
borrowing charges and provision for losses, covers
borrowing charges.”
利息偿付比率（简写为ICR）；获利额对利息的
倍数比率
即支付利息前的净收入除以利息支出费用。国际
金融公司的定义是：“扣除各项费用（除了借款
费用和损失准备金）后，收入作为借款费用的倍
数。”
interest during construction - IDC
Interest payable on long-term or short-term debt
incurred to finance capital works (e.g. plant or road
construction in progress) in a fiscal year. Financing
charges, including commitment fees, should also be
included. IDC is frequently capitalized (or charged
to the project cost) until the asset is commissioned or
as a capital expenditure item it is transferred to a
deferred charges or deferred capital expenditure
account. For Bank projects IDC should be
computed as part of project costs to determine total
financing requirements.
建设期利息（简写为IDC）
一个财政年度内，长期或短期基本建设（如正在
建设中的工厂或公路）融资债务的应付利息。融
资费用包括承诺费在内。IDC要经常进行资本化
（或计入项目成本），直至交付使用或作为一项
资本支出科目转入到一个递延费用帐户或递延
资本支出帐户。就世界银行项目而言，IDC应计
入项目成本的一部分以确定总的融资需要。
interest earnings, income
利息收益，利息收入
interest equalization tax
A tax on foreign investments for the purpose of
curtailing the outflow of private funds.
利息平衡税
为减少私人资金的外流而对外国投资征收的一
种税。
interest income, earnings
利息收入，利息收益
interest leakage
Changes in U.S. interest rates due to movement of
funds from the U.S. to the Eurodollar markets.
利息渗漏
由于资金从美国流向欧洲美元市场而引起的美
国利率的变化。
interest rate cap [IBRD]
A limit on the amount of interest that can be levied
on a variable rate loan. Proposed for IBRD.
利率上限[国际复兴开发银行]
对可变利率贷款能够征收的利息额的限度。供国
际复兴开发银行贷款使用。
interest-rate differential
利率差别，利率差额，利差
interest rate risk
Risk due to difference in interest rates.
利率风险
由于利率的差别而产生的风险。
interest (rate) sensitivity
Rate-sensitive assets as a percentage of
rate-sensitive liabilities
利息（率）敏感性
利率敏感性资产对利率敏感性负债的百分比。
interest (rate) swap
An agreement to exchange floating rate payments
for fixed-rate payments in the same currency.
利息（率）掉期
在同一货币中，以浮动利率付息交换固定利率付
息的协议。
interest rebate
利息回扣
interest service ratio
Ratio of payment of interest on debt to exports of
goods and services.
利息偿付比率
指债务利息偿付与货物和劳务出口的比率。
interest subsidy, subsidization
利息补贴，贴息
Interest Subsidy Fund [= Third Window]
A lending facility to extend loans to the developing
countries on terms intermediate between those
charged by the Bank and IDA. Now discontinued.
利息补贴（津贴）基金[=第三窗口]
一种向发展中国家发放贷款的基金，其贷款利息
水平介于国际复兴开发银行和国际开发协会之
间。现已停用。
interest support
利息资助
interfuel substitution
燃料间的替代
Interim Committee [IMF]
临时委员会[国际货币基金组织]
interim financial statement
期中财务报表
interindustry linkages
行业间联系
interlocking debt
连锁债务
intermediate goods
Those goods used as an input for further
transformation by some other production activity,
not for consumption or as an addition to the stock of
fixed capital.
中间货物，中间产品
作为投入物通过其它一些生产活动做进一步转
化的货物；不用作消费或做固定资本存量的补
充。
intermediation
Process whereby a financial institution interposes its
names and trustworthiness between a lender and a
borrower. For example, instead of buying an issue
directly from a corporation, an investor may deposit
funds with a bank which, in turn, invests in the issue.
中介业务，媒介作用
指一个金融机构使用其名义和信誉介入一个贷
款人和一个借款人之间的过程。例如，一个投资
者可以不直接从一个公司购买证券，而把资金存
入一家银行，然后由该银行对该证券进行投资。
亦见market intermediation
intermediation rate
调停费
intermediative borrowing
Borrowing from financial intermediaries.
中介借款
从金融中间机构借款。
internal audit
内部审计
internal cash generation; internally generated funds;
cash generation
The gross income from all sources less all operating
and administrative expenses, excluding
depreciation, interest, other non-cash charges and
other charges on debt, and taxes.
内部现金生成；内部生成资金；现金生成
即各种来源的总收入，减去所有的业务和行政支
出（不包括折旧、利息、其他非现金费用和债务
费用以及税）。
internal cross subsidy
内部交叉补贴
internal exchange rate; modified Bruno ratio
As for the Bruno ratio but using for the entire project
life instead of for just one year.
内部汇率；修正的布鲁诺比率
一种布鲁诺比率，但不是只用于一年，而是用于
整个项目的生命期。
internal importing costs
国内进口费用
internal rate of financial return
财政内部收益率
见financial rate of return
internal rate of return - IRR
The rate of return on an asset investment. It is the
discount rate that equates the present value of future
net revenue streams (over the economic life of the
asset) to the cost of the investment.
内部收益率（简写为IRR）
指资产投资的收益率。它是使未来净收入总额
（在资产的经济寿命期内）的现值等于投资成本
的贴现率。
亦见economic rate of return; financial rate of return
internally generated funds; cash generation; internal
cash generation
内部资金生成；现金生成；内部现金生成
international agricultural research centers - IARC
国际农业研究中心（简写为IARC）
international banking facility - IBF
International branch of a bank in a kind of internal
free trade zone in the U.S., which allows banks to
engage in international banking without some of the
usual restrictions facing domestic banks. Those
restrictions from which IBFs are exempt include
reserve requirements, payment of certain insurance
premiums, and special relief from state tax.
国际银行业务部门（简写为IBF）
银行在美国一种类似内部自由贸易区开设的国
际分部（分行），它能够参与国际金融业务而不
受国内银行通常受到的一些限制，如对储备金的
要求和某些保险费的缴纳，并可以享受州税的特
别减免。
international commodity agreements, arrangements
Any intergovernmental agreement or arrangement to
promote international cooperation in a commodity,
the parties to which include produces and consumers
covering the bulk of world trade in the commodity
concerned.
国际商品协定，安排
指任何一种以促进某一商品的国际合作为目的
的政府间协议或安排。参与方包括该商品在世界
贸易中的大宗生产国和消费国。
international commodity bodies - ICBs
An international body concerned on a continuiing
basis with the trade, production and consumption
aspects of a commodity.
国际商品机构（简写为ICBs）
一种连续地关注某一商品的贸易、生产和消费的
国际机构。
international commodity organizations - ICOs
An organization established by an international
commodity agreement to implement the provisions
of the agreement.
国际商品组织（简写为ICOs）
由某一国际商品协定为实施该协定的条款而建
立的组织。
International Comparison Project, Programme - ICP
A project supported by the World Bank and the
United Nations which enables incomes to be
compared in terms of the prices of a common set of
consumer goods, which reflect real purchasing
power. When outside financing dried up in 1987, the
Project became a Programme, which is what it is
now.
国际比较项目，规划（简写为ICP）
一个由世界银行和联合国支持的项目，意在使各
国的国民收入能够以一套统一的消费品价格来
进行比较，以反映实际购买力。1987年外部资金
来源枯竭，该项目成为一项规划，目前依然。
international competitive bidding - ICB
Bidding open to all eligible suppliers and
contractors.
国际竞争性招标（简写为ICB）
指对所有合格的供应商和承包商开放的招标。
international competitiveness margin - ICM
The percentage by which the Bank/Fund payline
should exceed the combined French/German market
paylines to provide adequate international
competitiveness.
国际竞争性幅度（简写为ICM）
指为保证足够的国际竞争力，世界银行/国际货币
基金组织的工资曲线应该超过法国德国的综合
市场工资曲线的比例。
International Compilers Working Group on External
Debt Statistics [WB/IMF/BIS/OECD/Berne Union]
外债统计数字国际汇编工作小组[由世界银行、
国际货币基金组织、国际清算银行、经济合作与
发展组织、伯尔尼联盟组成]
international credit guarantee fund
国际信贷担保基金
international credit guarantee system
国际信贷担保制度
international financial institutions - IFIs
国际金融机构（简写为IFIs）
international liquidity
国际清偿能力
international payments position
国际收支状况
international reserves
国际储备
international shopping
Procurement based on comparing price quotations
from at least three foreign suppliers.
国际询价采购
在对至少三家国外供应商的报价进行比较的基
础上进行的采购。
International Standard Industrial Classification of
All Economic Activities-ISIC*
所有经济活动国际标准产业分类（简写为ISIC）
internship
实习期，实习
intervention currency
Currency used by central bank for official
intervention in the foreign exchange market. This
currency is often not the same as the home currency,
which may not be a convertible currency.
干预货币
中央银行用来对外汇市场进行正式干预的货币。
这种货币通常不是本国货币，因为本国货币可能
不是一种可兑换的货币。
intervention price
The minimum price set by an agency at which a
producer is guaranteed to sell his product.
干预价格
由某一机构确定的保证生产者能够卖出其产品
的最低价格。
intra-day settlement
Trading settlement within less than one day.
同日结算
在一日之内交易结算完毕。
inventory; inventories
Raw materials and supplies, goods finished and
being manufactured and stock on hand, in transit, in
storage or consigned to others at the end of the
accounting period.
存货，库存
在会计期末持有的原料和供应物资、制成品和在
制品、手头存货、转运中的货物、库存或委托他
人代销的货物等。
inventory control
存货管理，库存管理
inventory investment
存货投资
inventory turnover
存货周转
inverted rates [electricity tariffs]
Rate where the lowest block is the cheapest, in order
to subsidize low income groups.
倒置费率[电费]
给最低用量组以最便宜的电价，以此补贴低收入
群体。
investment agreement [IFC]
投资协议[国际金融公司]
investment bank [US]; merchant bank [UK]
Institution that accepts new issues of stocks from a
corporation and attempts to sell them to the public at
a profit. In the U.S., they have a separate legal status
from commercial banks.
投资银行[美国]；商人银行[英国]
接受一家公司新发行的股票并向公众销售以谋
利的机构。在美国，它们具有与商业银行不同的
法律地位。
investment budget
投资预算
investment center [accounting]
A responsibility unit whose performance is
measured in terms of resources committed (capital
invested) relative to monetary costs and returns.
投资中心[会计]
指一个责任单位，其业绩是以与货币成本和收益
有关的资源的使用（资本投资）来衡量的。
investment commitment [IFC]
投资承诺，投资保证[国际金融公司]
investment company, fund
Company that uses its capital to invest in other
companies. The two kinds are open-end investment
company and closed-end investment company, the
former being by far the most frequent.
投资公司，投资基金
用其资本投资于其他公司的公司。这种公司分为
两类，即开放型投资公司和封闭型投资公司。前
一类比后一类更为常见。
亦见closed end investment company, fund; open
end investment company, fund
investment gap
投资缺口
investment goods
投资货物
investment grant
投资补助金
investment incentives
投资奖励
investment income
投资收入
investment insurance
投资保险
亦见multilateral inverstment insurance
investment loan
投资贷款
investment portfolio
Portfolio of longer-term investments. 投资证券组
合
指作长期投资的证券组合。
参见trading portfolio
investment project
投资项目
investment return, yield
投资回报、收益
investment review mission [IBRD]
投资审查团[国际复兴开发银行]
investment tax credit
投资税收优惠，投资税额减免
invisible transactions
Exports and imports of services. Includes insurance,
shipping charges and tourist expenditures.
无形交易，无形贸易
指服务的出口与进口，包括保险、运输费和旅游
费支出等。
亦见surplus on invisible
invitation to bid, to tender
A notice issued under competitive bidding
procedures calling on bidders to submit bids for
contracts.
招标邀请书
在竞争性招标程序中发出的一项通知，邀请投标
者对合同进行投标。
invitation to prequalify [contracts]
A notice issued under competitive bidding
procedures calling on bidders to prequalify prior to
bidding on a contract.
资格预审邀请书[合同]
根据竞争性招标程序发出的一项通知，邀请投标
者在对合同进行投标之前参加资格预审。
involuntary lending
Lending by banks as long as the resulting reduction
in probability of default, multiplied by the existing
exposure, exceeds the amount of new money multiplied
by the remaining probability of default even
after the new assistance.
非自愿贷款
银行进行这种贷款的条件是：注入这种贷款以
后，拖欠概率的降低数乘以目前的贷款余额，超
过新增贷款额乘以新增贷款注入后余留的拖欠
概率。
involuntary resettlement
Movement of peoples away from their normal place
of abode against their will.
非自愿移民
使居民非自愿地从原来的正常居住地迁走。
inward-looking; inward-oriented [country; policy]
内向；内向型[国家；政策]
irrevocable agreement to reimburse
An agreement given e.g. by the Bank to a
commercial Bank that it will reimburse any part of a
cofinancing loan on which a borrower defaults.
不可变更（撤销）的偿付协议
由世界银行与商业银行签订的协议，规定前者将
偿付借款人拖欠后者的任何一部分联合融资贷
款。
irrevocable letter of credit
Form of letter of credit whereby the issuing bank
gives an undertaking to the beneficiary that payment
will be made, provided that the beneficiary complies
with the terms of the credit. Sometimes used as
performance security.
不可撤销的信用证
一种信用证形式，表明发证银行对受益人承担的
一种义务，即只要受益人遵守信用证的条款，银
行就予付款。有时也用作履约保证。
irrigation
灌溉
见basin irrigation; border check irrigation; border
ditch irrigation; border irrigation; center pivot
sprinkle irrigation; corrugation irrigation; drip
irrigation; flood control irrigation; flood irrigation;
gravity irrigation; micro-sprayer irrigation; runoff
irrigation; smale-scale irrigation; sprinkle irrigation;
strip irrigation; subirrigation; surface irrigation;
trickle irrigation; wild flooding
island developing country
发展中的岛屿国家
issued share capital
已发行的股份资本
issues on tap; tap issue
An issue of a security made available on an as
required basis. Used primarily in the British market,
where the British Government issues Treasury stock
and seeks subscriptions. As the stock is rarely fully
subscribed, the remainder is sold to Stock Exchange
jobbers as demand requires.
随时发行
指一种根据需要而随时发行的证券。主要用于英
国市场，由英国政府发行国库券并寻求认购。由
于这种证券很少能完全售罄，剩余部分根据需求
售给证券交易所的经纪人。
issues paper
讨论问题的文件
issuing bank; bank of issue
开证银行；发行银行
item [budget]
科目[预算]