- H -
hairy cotton; upland cotton
茸棉；旱地棉
halfway country
A country that is on the way to being industrialized
but is not yet fully industrialized.
半发达国家，半工业化国家
指一个正处于工业化过程中但还没有完全实现
工业化的国家。
handles
手段，能力
见tax handles
handling charges
手续费，搬运费
harbor dues, fees; port dues
Charged for the use of the port by the ship and its
cargo.
港务费，入港税
指对船舶及其货物使用港口收取的费用。
hard-blend countries
Country receiving more loans from IBRD than
credits from IDA.
硬贷款比重大的国家
接受国际复兴开发银行贷款多于国际开发协会
信贷的国家。
hard coal; anthracite
硬煤，无烟煤
hard component [projects]
硬件成分[项目]
hard copy
打印出的文本
hard core [projects]
实质，核心[项目]
hard currency; strong currency
硬通货
hard loan
硬贷款，国际复兴开发银行的贷款
hard loan window
硬贷款窗口
hardening of loan terms
提高贷款条件，贷款条件的苛刻化
hardship allowance
艰苦地区补贴
hardware
硬件
harmonic mean [statistics]
A special kind of mean which is determined by
calculating the mean of the reciprocals of the values
concerned and then calculating the reciprocal of this
quantity.
调和平均数，倒数平均数[统计]
一种特殊的均数，求得方法是先求出有关倒数的
均数，再求出这一均数的倒数。
harnessing
治理，利用
harvest fishery
捕鱼业
见capture fishery
hardwood forest
硬木林，阔叶树林
head gate structure [irrigation]
渠首闸门，总水闸门[灌溉]
head hunting
物色人才，猎头
head tax; poll tax; capitation tax
人头税
headcount index (measure) of poverty; headcount
ratio - HCR
A useful way to measure poverty by expressing the
number of poor as a proportion of the population
although it ignores the extent to which the poor fall
below the poverty line.
贫困人口（衡量）指标；贫困人口比（简写为HCR）
即贫困人口与总人口的比例，是衡量贫困程度的
一种有益的方法，然而没有考虑到贫困线以下穷
人的贫困程度。
headroom [World Bank]
The difference between the statutory lending limit
and the value of loans that are disbursed and
outstanding.
净空
指贷款的法定限额和支付未偿还贷款余额之差。
health delivery system
医疗保健制度，医疗保健系统
health maintenance organization - HMO
An organized health care delivery system where
participants pay a fixed, regular sum and receive an
agreed range of health services from an approved set
of health care providers. Health system where
medical care is provided directly by salaried
employees in facilities owned by the HMO.
医疗保健组织（简写为HMO）
一个有组织的医疗保健系统，参加者支付一笔固
定的经常性费用，从一个经批准的医疗保健机构
接受经同意的一定范围的医疗服务。这是一种由
医疗保健组织所属机构雇佣的人员直接提供医
疗服务的医疗制度。
health post
保健站
health screening
健康检查，体检
heating oil
取暖用油，供暖用油
heat rate
热耗率，热容量
heat trapping
The ability of a gas to prevent heat escaping from the
Earth´s atmosphere.
保温
指某种气体阻止热量从地球大气中消失的能力。
heat trapping gas
Gases, such as carbon dioxide and methane, that trap
heat in the ozone layer.
保温气体
指某种气体（如二氧化碳和甲烷）能保持臭氧层
中热量的能力。
heat value
热值
heavy commodities
重型货物，重型商品
heavy engineering industry
重型机械工业
heavy fuel oil
重燃料油
heavy industry
重工业
heavy oil
重油
hedge [securities market]
Security acquired to cover possible loss on
speculative investments.
套头交易，套期保值，套购保值[证券市场]
为避免投机性投资可能造成的损失而购买的证
券。
hedge buying*
买进保值期货，买期保值
hedge clause
避责条款，套头交易条款，套头保值条款
hedge selling*
卖出保值期货，卖期保值
hedging
套头交易，套期保值，套购保值， 对冲买卖
hedonic price analysis
Economic analysis technique which takes into
account the implicit prices of specific characteristics
of properties. For example, in the environment field,
it places value on improvements or deterioration in
environmental quality.
愉悦价格分析法
一种考虑到事物某些特性的隐含价格的经济分
析方法。比如，在环境领域里，它对环境质量的
改善或恶化给予估价。
held protfolio [IFC]*
持有的投资总额[国际金融公司]
herbaceous cotton; Levant cotton; American short
staple cotton; Arabian cotton
草本棉；黎凡特棉；美国短绒棉；阿拉伯棉
hidden hunger
隐性饥饿
hidden inflation
隐性通货膨胀
hidden profits*
隐性利润
hidden reserves
帐外物资，隐匿资产，隐蔽储备
hidden unemployment; concealed, covert, disguised
unemployment
隐性失业，变相失业
high absorber [oil exporter]
Oil exporting capital surplus country which is a net
importer of capital and has been able to make full
use of revenues from oil production for domestic
development. Includes Algeria, Ecuador, Gabon,
Indonesia, Nigeria and Venezuela.
吸收能力强的国家[石油输出国]
指资本盈余的石油出口国，既是净资本输入国，
又能充分利用石油生产的收入来发展国内经济
的国家，如阿尔及利亚、厄瓜多尔、加蓬、印度
尼西亚、尼日利亚和委内瑞拉等。
high-flow diversion
分洪道
见floodway
high fructose corn syrup - HFCS
高果糖玉米糖浆（简写为HFCS）
high income countries
高收入国家
high performing economy
业绩好的经济
high school
高中
见junior high school
high-power(ed) money
高能货币
higher heating value; gross heating value - GHV;
gross calorific value - GCV
Total amount of heat produced by combustion.
高热值；总热值（简写为GHV，GCV）
燃烧产生的总热量。
higher income brackets
高收入档次
higher level staff
高级职员
higher training
高级培训
highest bidder
出价最高的投标人
highland rice; upland rice; mountain rice
旱稻、高原稻，山地稻
highly indebted country
高债务国
highly leveraged
杠杆作用大的，负债对资产比率高的
Highways Design and Maintenance Model - HDM
[IBRD]
A mathematical model based on two earlier models
developed by the Massachusetts Institute of
Technology and the Transport and Road Research
Laboratory, UK, used to determine the total
life-cycle transportation cost, provide economic
comparisons for large numbers of alternative
designs and maintenance policies and search for the
lowest total cost alternative.
公路设计和养护模型（简写为HDM）[国际复兴
开发银行]
一个数学模型，是以麻省理工学院和英国运输与
公路研究实验所早期开发出的两个模型为基础
建立的。该模型用以决定公路整个生命周期的运
输成本，对大量的替代性设计方案和养护政策进
行经济比较，并找到最低总成本替代方案。
hillside farming
坡地农业，梯田农业
hire purchase [UK]
租购，分期付款购货[英]
historical cost
历史成本，原购入成本
historically valued assets
按原价计值的资产，按历史成本计值的资产
hit-and-run project
Project where an investor takes advantage of local
tax laws to operate a project (e.g. mining, textiles)
under a tax-free regime and then withdraws as soon
as he is liable for taxation, often leaving severely
depreciated equipment or exhausted mineral
reserves.
游击项目
指投资者利用当地税法，在免税制度下经营的项
目（如采矿、纺织），并在一旦符合征税条件时
立即撤出，常常遗留下一批折旧严重的设备和耗
竭的矿藏。
holding company
控股公司
holdings [foreign exchange, gold]
（外汇、黄金）持有额
home country [MIGA]
The country or countries whose membership in
MIGA made the Guarantee Holder eligible under
Article 12 of the Convention Establishing MIGA to
receive the guarantee provided for in a contract.
当事国，所在国[多边投资担保机构]
多边投资担保机构的会员国。这些国家的受保人
有资格根据多边投资担保机构公约第12条的规
定，接受为合同提供的担保。
home leave allowance [World Bank]
回国探亲津贴[世界银行]
horizontal equity
Treating taxpayers with the same amount of income
equally irrespective of the source of income.
横向均等
同等对待收入相同的纳税人，而不管其收入的来
源。
horizontal integration
横向联合，横向一体化
host country [MIGA]
A member, its government or any public authority of
a member in whose territories, as defined in article
66 of the Convention, an investment which has been
guaranteed or reinsured, or is considered for
guarantee or reinsurance by MIGA is to be located.
东道国
会员国、会员国政府或会员国的任何公共机构。
其领土上（按《公约》第66条定义）有一笔投资
已经得到多边投资担保机构的担保或再保险，或
已考虑予以担保或再保险。
Host Organization [ICSID]
东道组织[解决投资争端国际中心]
hot money; funk money [UK]
Short-term international capital movements,
motivated by interest rate differentials or revaluation
hopes/devaluation fears.
游资；外逃资金[英国]
由利率差别、升值期望或贬值恐惧所驱使的短期
国际资本流动。
house connection
居民住宅管道连接
household expenditure survey - HES
家庭开支调查（简写为HES）
household goods
家用货品
household survey
家计调查
household waste collection charge
Charge levied for removal of household waste.
住户垃圾收集费
为清理住户垃圾而征收的费用。
housing expenses/income ratio; affordability ratio
The ratio of expenditure on housing to total income.
住房支出/收入比率；承受率
住房支出与总收入的比率。
housing stock
房产
hub and spoke system
辐射状交通系统
human immunodeficiency virus - HIV
人体免疫缺乏病毒，艾滋病病毒（简写为HIV）
human resource development
人力资源开发
human settlements
人类居住区
hurdle rate
A somewhat arbitrary rate of return, related to the
current cost of borrowing money, set by a
government or company to guide investment
decisions. Below this limit, investment is normally
considered inadvisable.
临界获利率，最低预期资本回收率
指政府或公司为了引导投资决策，结合现行借款
费用制订的人为收益率。低于这个利率限度的投
资通常被认为是不可取的。
husbandry
牧业
见animal husbandry
husk, to; dehusk, to
脱壳
hybrid capital base [IFC]
Capital base consisting of current paid-in capital and
retained earnings to support growth in operations
with the debt-equity ratio not exceeding 2.5:1,
combined with new callable capital to support
investment growth in a 1:1 gearing ratio.
混合资本基础[国际金融公司]
指包括目前已缴资本和留存盈利在内的资本基
础，用以支持债务-股本比率不超过2.5：1的业务
增长；加上新的催交资本，以支持一项资本搭配
比率为1：1的投资增长。
hydrant; standpipe; standpost
消防龙头；竖立水管；消防栓
hydrocracking
氢化裂解，加氢裂化
hydrodevelopment
水利开发，水电开发
hydroelectric power; hydropower
水利发电
hydrofluoroalkane - HFA
An alternative name for chlorofluorocarbons,
thought up by the wily manufacturers of
chlorofluorocarbons, to avoid the bad press.
氢氯烃（简写为HFA）
系氟氯烃的另一名称，是精明的氟氯烃制造商为
逃避对其不利的新闻舆论而想出来。
hydrochlorofluorocarbon - HCFC
A substitute for chlorofluorocarbons.
氢氯氟烃（简写为HCFC）
一种氟氯烃的替代物。
hydrofluorocarbon - HFC
A substitute for chlorofluorocarbons.
氢氯烃（简写为HFC）
一种氟氯烃的替代物。
hydropower; hydroelectric power
水力发电