- G -
galloping inflation
奔腾的通货膨胀，急剧的通货膨胀
game
战略
见management game; negative sum game; plus
sume game; zero sum game
gap
差距，缺口
gap theory
The process by which tropical forest regenerates
spaces opened by windfalls.
缺口原理
热带森林在被大风刮倒的地区再生的过程。
gas flaring
The burning of gas in the field as a means of disposal
when there is no market for the gas.
天然气燃烧
指在天然气没有销路时，将其在气田中焚烧的处
理方法。
gazetted (protected) public forest
Woodlots which have been subjected to a formal act
of classification or where the State has carried out
reafforestation.
公告的（保护的）公共森林
指属于正式法定等级林或国家已进行重新造林
的林地。
gearing [UK]; leverage
齿轮作用[英国]；杠杆作用
gearing ratio; free resource ratio; capital gearing
ratio
1. [UK] [= leverage ratio in US] Ratio of
debt/liabilities to equity/assets. Includes debt and
debt-equity ratios.
2. [IBRD] Ratio of capital plus reserves to loans
outstanding and loans disbursed.
搭配率，自有资金与借入资金比率；资本搭配率
1.在英国指债务/负债与股本/资产之间的比率[等
于美国的leverage ratio]。包括债务比率和债务-
股本比率。
2.在国际复兴开发银行，指资本加储备金对信贷
余额和已支付贷款之间的比率。
gearing ratio [IFC]
Ratio of outstanding investments and guarantees to
the capital base.
资本搭配比率[国际金融公司]
指投资和担保余额与基础资本之间的比率。
gender issues
社会性别问题
gene bank [plants]
基因银行[植物]
gene pool
基因库
General Algebraic Modeling System - GAMS
[IBRD]
通用代数模型系统（简写为GAMS）[国际复兴发
银行]
General Capital Increase - GCI
普遍增资（简写为GCI）
general cargo
杂货
general conditions of contract*
合同的总则
general contractor*
普通承包商
general equilibrium analysis
全面均衡分析，综合平衡分析
general equilibrium model
总量平衡模型
见computable general equilibrium
general government [national accounts]
政府一般帐项[国民核算帐户]
General Loss Reserve [IFC]
Loss Reserve set up to replace Unidentified Loss
Reserve. It broadens the reserve coverage to the
entire disbursed portfolio, excluding the portion on
which there are specific loss reserves.
一般损失准备金[国际金融公司]
这项准备金的设立是用来代替“未确定损失准备
金”的。它把准备金的覆盖面扩大到全部已支付
贷款，但不包括已设立专门损失准备金的部分。
general price level accounting; price level
accounting
综合物价水平核算；物价水平核算
general procurement notice
A notice of bidding opportunities in a competitive
bid. It should contain information concerning the
recipient, amount and purpose of the loan, describe
the goods and works to be procured, indicate the
scheduled date for availability of documents and
specify the Borrower´s agency responsible for
procurement. In the case of Bank loans these are
normally published in the United Nations
Development Forum, Business Edition.
总采购公告，总招标通告
指竞争性招标中的投标机会通告。其内容应包括
借款人情况、贷款金额和用途、对要采购货物与
工程的说明、可取得招标文件的预定日期以及负
责采购工作的借款人代理机构。如属世界银行贷
款，公告一般刊登在联合国《发展论坛报》商业
版上。
General Reserve(s) [IBRD]
总储备金[国际复兴开发银行]
Generalized System of Preferences - GSP
普通优惠制，普惠制（简写为GSP）
generated traffic
新增交通量
generic drug
不注册的药品，不受注册商标保护的药品
geothermal deposit
地热储量
germplasm
种质
gestation period*
酝酿阶段
ghost fishing
Fish killed by being caught in lost or discarded
fishing nets, traps and other fishing gear.
幻影捕鱼
鱼类误入丢失或被废弃的鱼网或其他捕鱼器具
而致死。
ghost worker
Worker who is drawing pay but is not actually doing
any work, e.g. because he is dead, does not exist or is
doing another job.
影子工人
领取工资而实际上不做任何工作的工人，例如已
死亡的、不存在的或者在从事其它工作的工人。
gill fishing
Fishing using a flat net suspended vertically in the
water with meshes that allow the head of a fish to
pass but entangles its gill covers as it seeks to
withdraw.
刺网捕鱼，粘网捕鱼
指使用一种悬垂于水中的平网捕鱼，在鱼头穿过
网眼而企图退出时，缠住腮盖。
gilt-edged securities
金边证券，金边债券
ginning [cotton]
轧花[棉花]
Global Cap Authority [IFC]
Authority given by the Board to IFC to purchase
contracts with interest rate ceilings (caps) and then
sell to its borrowers. It reflects the total amount of
caps, in dollars, that IFC is authorized to make.
全球性利率限额合同购买权[国际金融公司]
世界银行执行董事会对国际金融公司的一项授
权，使其可以在市场上购买有利率上限的合同，
然后将其售与其借款人。它反映了国际金融公司
被授权买卖这类限额合同的总额，以美元计算。
global commons
The elements of the Earth and atmosphere,
comprising the oceans and sea bed, the atmosphere
and outer space, which are not the property of any
one nation or individual and are therefore deemed to
the property of all.
全球共同财产
地球和大气的成份，包括海洋和海床，大气和外
层空间，都不是任何一个国家和个人的财产，因
此应认为是所有人类的共同财产。
global depositary receipt - GDR
Instrument that allows trading of stocks on foreign
exchanges when the country concerned will not
allow foreign ownership of the stock of domestic
firms. The shares are deposited with a bank in the
country of incorporation and an affiliate or
correspondent bank in other countries issues
depositary receipts for the securities. They can then
be traded on stock exchanges in the same way as
other securities. Used, for example, in Korea.
全球股票代存收据（简写为GDR）
一种金融工具，它允许在外国的交易所进行股票
交易。这是在有关国家不允许外国人拥有本国企
业股票的情况下采用的办法。即把股票（股份）
存入组建公司所在国的一家银行里，由在其他国
家中的一个附属机构或对应银行发出代存证券
收据，从而使它们可以在证券交易所像其他证券
一样进行交易。这种办法曾在韩国使用过。
Global Swap Authority [IFC]
Authority given to IFC by the Board to borrow from
the markets up to a level of US$250 million
equivalent through private placements and direct
institutional loans.
全球互换权[国际金融公司]
世界银行执董会给予国际金融公司的一种权利，
使其可以从市场上通过私人募集和直接机构贷
款，借到最高相当于2.5亿美元的贷款。
global warming
The predicted excessive warming of the atmosphere,
as a result of the accumulation of atmospheric
carbon-based and other heat absorbing gases.
全球变暖
由于大气中的碳基气体和其他吸热气体积累的
结果，预测大气在变得过暖。
global warming potential - GWP
The extent to which individual emissions contribute
to global warming.
全球变暖的潜能（简写为GWP）
指个别的废气排放影响全球变暖的程度。
globalization
全球化，全球性
glued-together household
（由共同利益）粘合起来的家庭
GNP price deflator
国民生产总值物价缩减指数
going concern
经营中的企业；现时问题
going price
通行价格，现行价格
gold content (e.g. of US dollar)
The amount of gold formally maintained in the legal
tender of a currency. From January 1934 to May
1972, the gold content of the United States dollar
was 0.888671 gram of fine gold. This dollar was
used as the common denominator of the value of
capital subscriptions for the Bank and Fund.
Because the US changed the value of the US dollar,
partially because of the abolition of the official price
of gold, the Fund (in 1978) and the Bank (in 1986)
ceased to used the US dollar for this purpose and
adopted the Special Drawing Right in its place.
含金量（例如美元的含金量）
指一国货币正式规定的含金量。从1934年1月至
1972年5月，美元的含金量是0.888671克纯金。
这种美元一直用作为世界银行和国际货币基金
组织认购股份的价值的共同标准。由于美国改变
了美元的价值，部分由于黄金官价的废除，国际
货币基金组织（在1978年）和世界银行（在1986
年）相继停止了使用美元于此目的，改用特别提
款权。
gold holdings
黄金持有量
gold-pegged currency
与黄金挂钩的货币
gold value
黄金价值
golden share
Single share in a privatized company which gives the
holder (usually the government) the right to block
certain key decisions.
金股
经过私有化改造的公司给予股东（通常为政府）
的单一股份，使其有权对某些关键性决策进行否
决。
good practice project
Project using good project design and a good
approach to a special operational emphasis area,
such as women in development.
使用“好经验”的项目
在某一具体业务重点领域内（如妇女发展），采
用好的项目设计和好的做法的项目。
goods and services
货物和服务
goodwill
商誉，信誉
goodwill clause
A clause in a Paris Club loan agreement that
commits the creditors to consider debt relief after the
end of the stipulated consolidation period. In return,
creditor countries ask the debtor country to meet two
conditions. Firstly, the debtor country must have
secured debt relief from creditors not covered by the
Paris Club agreement and secondly at the time the
creditors agree to review the need for further debt
relief, the country remains eligible for use of upper
credit tranche IMF resources.
友善条款，善意条款
巴黎俱乐部贷款协定中的一项条款，规定债权国
在规定的合并期结束后进行债务减免。作为回
应，债权国要求债务国满足两个条件：第一，债
务国必须享有巴黎俱乐部协议以外的债权国有
保证的债务减免；第二，在债权国同意对进一步
给予债务减免的必要性进行审查时，债务国仍然
能合格使用国际货币基金组织的高档信贷资金。
governance
The exercise of political power to manage a nation´s
affairs. Public service that is efficient, a judicial
system that is reliable and an administration that is
accountable to its public.
管理，控制
指行使政治权利来管理一个国家的事务，建立有
效的公共服务、可靠的法律制度以及对公众负责
的行政当局。
governing law
管理法，控制法
government
政府
government bond
政府债券，公债，国库券
government expenditure
政府财政支出，国家开支
government-owned programs
政府承认的规划，政府视为己出的规划，政府同
意的规划
government paper
政府发行的有价证券，政府债券
government receipts, revenues
政府收入，政府财政收入，岁入
government securities
政府债券
government services
政府提供的服务
grace period
The period allowed in a loan schedule during which
repayments of loan principal need not be made.
宽限期
在贷款的还款时间表中，规定可以不偿还本金的
一段时间。
grade creep
Tendency for the employees of an organization to be
in a higher average classification as people rise up
the scale but do not leave the organization.
逐步升级
在一个组织内，在不离开该组织的情况下，职工
逐步向上升级进入较高类别的趋势。
grade ratio; retention rate [education]
Ratio between enrolment in a given grade and
enrolment in the previous grade the previous school
year.
升级比率[教育]
指一个年级的入学学生与上一个年级上一个学
年的入学学生的比率。
grading
定级
见land grading
graduate, to [Bank, IDA]
毕业[世界银行，国际开发协会]
graduated tax
累进税
graduation [IBRD]
毕业[国际复兴开发银行]
graduation mission [IBRD]
毕业检查团[国际复兴开发银行]
grandfather clause
不追溯条款
grant basis, on a
按赠款执行
grant element
赠与成分
grant equivalent
赠款等额
grant-in-aid
援助性捐赠
grant-like contribution
捐赠性资助
graphical user interface - GUI
（计算机）图形用户界面（简写为GUI）
grass root plant; greenfield plant
首建工厂；新建工厂
grass root(s) level, at the
基层
grass roots organization
基层组织
graveling; regraveling
铺砾石；重铺砾石
gravel road
砾石路
gravity check irrigation
自流畦沟灌溉
见bordercheck irrigation
gravity irrigation
自流灌溉
gray cotton; light gray cotton; blue stained cotton
A discolored cotton which has been stained to a gray
color by exposure.
灰色棉花；浅灰色棉花；兰色玷污棉花
由于暴露在外而变为灰色的褪色棉花。
gray market
灰市
见grey market
green projects
Projects concerned with the promotion of
sustainable natural-resource management and the
reduction of resource degradation, including
agriculture and land management, forest
management, water-resource and watershed man-
agement, marine and coastal-zone management, and
biodiversity conservation.
绿色项目
指与促进可持续的自然资源管理和减少资源退
化有关的项目，包括农业和土地管理、森林管理、
水资源和水流域管理、海洋和沿海地区管理以及
生物多样性保护等。
参见blue projects, brown projects
greenfield investment
在某一领域做首次投资
greenfield plant; grass root plant
首建工厂，新建工厂
greenfield project
首建项目，新建项目
greenhouse effect
Increased retention of heat energy by the Earth´s
atmosphere as a result of increased emissions of
carbon-based and other heat absorbing gases,
including chlorofluorocarbon and carbon dioxide.
温室效应
由于不断增加的碳基和其他吸热气体的排放，包
括氟氯烃和二氧化碳，致使滞留在地球大气中的
热能不断增加。
greenhouse gas - GHG
Gas that helps cause the greenhouse effect. Includes
carbon dioxide, methane and chlorofluorocarbons.
温室气体（简写为GHG）
造成温室效应的气体，包括二氧化碳、甲烷和氟
氯烃。
greenhouse index
Net emissions of three major greenhouse gases
(carbon dioxide, methane and chloro-
fluorocarbons), with each gas weighted according to
its heat trapping quality, in carbon dioxide
equivalents and expressed in metric tons of carbon
per capita.
温室指标
指三种主要的温室气体（二氧化碳、甲烷和氟氯
烃）的净排放量，每种气体都按其热吸附质能加
权，折算成二氧化碳当量，并以人均碳公吨表示。
green labeling
Labeling goods that are considered environmentally
sound. Has been proposed for wood grown under
sustainable conditions.
绿色标签
给认为是环境安全的物品加上绿色标签。这种做
法已被建议用于在可持续的条件下生长的树林。
green manure
绿肥
grey market; gray market
Market in bonds that have not been given a firm
price.
灰市
指未发实盘的债券市场。
gross budget
Bank budget including non-Bank resources (e.g.
from Trust funds and reimbursable programs).
总预算
包括非世界银行资源（例如来自信托基金、可偿
还规划的资源）在内的世界银行预算。
gross calorific value - GCV; gross heating value -
GHV; higher heating value
Total amount of heat produced by combustion.
总产热值（简写为GCV）；总热值（简写为GHV）；
高热值
指燃烧产生的总热值。
gross disposable income *
可支配收入总额
gross domestic income - GDY
Gross income from domestic as opposed to foreign
sources.
国内总收入（简写为GDY）
来自国内的总收入，与来自国外的相区别。
gross domestic investment - GDI
Outlays for additions to the fixed assets of the
economy plus the net value of inventory changes.
国内投资总额（简写为GDI）
一个国家增加的固定资产开支，加上存货变动的
净值。
gross domestic product - GDP
国内生产总值（简写为GDP）
亦见commercial， commercialized GDP，
monetized GDP
gross domestic product at factor cost
The gross domestic product at market prices minus
the difference between indirect taxes and subsidies.
按要素成本计算的国内生产总值
按市场价格计算的国内生产总值，减去间接税与
补贴之间的差额。
gross domestic product at market prices
The sum of the income accruing from production,
i.e. the provision for consumption of fixed assets,
compensation of employees, operating surplus and
the excess of indirect taxes over subsidies.
按市场价格计算的国内生产总值
指从生产上取得的收入总额，即：消耗备付固定
资产，雇员薪金，营业盈余和间接税超过贴补的
部分。
gross earnings margin [banks]; gross margin;
banker´s spread; banker´s markup
Interest received on loans less interest paid on
deposits plus other income (interest received on
investments, gains or losses in foreign exchange
operations and commissions and fees received and
paid).
边际毛利[银行]；边际总收益；银行家利差；银
行家毛利
其计算方法是：用贷款利息收入减去存款利息支
出，再加上其他收入（投资的利息收入、外汇业
务盈亏、佣金、以及各种收费和付费）。
gross enrollment ratio
总入学率
见gross (primary) enrollment ratio
gross fixed capital expenditure; gross fixed
investment
The addition during a period of time - usually a year
- to a country´s stock of fixed capital without making
any allowance for the depreciation of the existing
fixed capital.
固定资本支出总额；固定投资总额
在一定时期内（一般为一年），一个国家未扣除
现存固定资本折旧的固定资本存量增加额。
gross fixed capital formation - GFCF
The outlays of industries, producers of government
services and producers of private non-profit services
to households, on additions of new durable goods to
their stocks of fixed assets less their net sales of
similar second-hand and scrapped goods. Excludes
government outlays on military goods.
固定资本形成总额（简写为GFCF）
指产业、政府劳务生产者和面向居民的私人非盈
利性劳务生产者花费在他们固定资产存量上的
新增耐用物品支出额，减去卖出的同类二手货和
淘汰物资的净销售额。不包括政府在军用物资上
的支出。
gross fixed investment; gross fixed capital
expenditure
The addition during a period of time - usually a year
- to a country´s stock of fixed capital without
makingany allowance for the depreciation of the
existing fixed capital.
固定投资总额；固定资本支出总额
在一定时期内（一般为一年），一个国家未扣除
现存固定资本折旧的固定资本存量增加额，。
gross heating value - GHV; gross calorific
value - GCV; higher heating value
Total amount of heat produced by combustion.
总热值（简写为GHV）；总产热值（简写为GCV）；
高热值
指燃烧产生的总热量。
gross margin; banker´s spread; banker´s markup;
gross earnings margin [banks]
Interest received on loans less interest paid on
deposits plus other income (interest received on
investments, gains or losses in foreign exchange
operations and commissions and fees received and
paid).
边际收益；银行家利差；银行家毛利；边际毛利
[银行]
其计算方法是：用贷款利息收入减去存款利息支
出，再加上其他收入（投资的利息收入、外汇业
务盈亏、佣金以及各种收费和付费）。
gross material product - GMP
Corresponds to gross domestic product less output
of certain services, such as public administration,
defense, education, health and social insurance.
Used instead of GNP in state-trading countries.
物质生产总值，工农业生产总值（简写为GMP）
与国内生产总值相对应，计算方法是国内生产总
值减去某些劳务的产值，如公共行政、国防、教
育、卫生和社会保险。在国营贸易的国家里用来
代替国内生产总值。
gross national income - GNY
Gross national product and a terms of trade
adjustment. The terms of trade adjustment reflects
changes in the capacity of exports to buy imports.
国民总收入（简写为GNY）
即根据贸易条件进行调整后的国民生产总值。贸
易条件调整反映出利用出口收入购买进口货物
的能力的变化。
gross national investment - GNI
The total of new capital goods built with allowing
for wear and tear on existing capital.
国民总投资（简写为GNI）
指新创造出的资本货物的总量，减去现存货物的
损耗。
gross national product - GNP
国民生产总值（简写为GNP）
gross operating profit
Difference between total output per period and the
costs of goods and services purchased to produce
this output less cost of labor and taxes (excluding
income tax). The English term is invented as the
concept does not exist in US and UK accounting.
营业利润总额
每期总产出与为其生产而购进的货物和劳务的
成本之间的差额，减去劳力和税金（不包括所得
税）成本。这一英文名词是创造出来的，因为在
美国和英国会计中都不存在这一概念。
gross (primary) enrollment ratio - GER
Total number of children enrolled in school as a
percentage of the school-age population.
（初等教育）总入学率（简写为GER）
儿童入学总数占学龄儿童总数的百分比。
gross (register) tonnage - GRT [shipping]
A measure of the total space of a vessel in terms of
100 cubic feet (equivalent tons) including mid-deck,
between deck and the closed-in spaces above the
upper deck, less certain exemptions.
总（注册）吨位（简写为GRT）[航运]
船舶总容量的衡量单位，以100立方英尺（吨当
量）计，包括中甲板、甲板间与上甲板上的封闭
舱的容积，减去一定的免除部分。
gross value product - GVP
The total value of all agricultural production for a
given country in a given year, expressed in constant
dollars.
总产值（简写为GVP）
指某一国家某一年的农业生产总值，以不变美元
计算。
groundwater table
地下水水位图表
group credit
集体信贷
Group of Fifteen
Created in September 1989 to promote South-South
cooperation, it consists of Algeria, Argentina,
Brazil, Egypt, India, Indonesia, Jamaica, Malaysia,
Mexico, Nigeria, Peru, Senegal, Venezuela, the
former Yugoslavia and Zimbabwe. Chile joined in
1993.
15国集团
1989年9月创建，目的是推动南-南合作，成员包
括阿尔及利亚、阿根廷、巴西、埃及、印度、印
度尼西亚、牙买加、马来西亚、墨西哥、尼日利
亚、秘鲁、塞内加尔、委内瑞拉、前南斯拉夫和
津巴布韦。智利于1993年加入。
Group of Five
Informal meeting of senior officials (usually
ministers of finance or heads of state) of the five
most industrialized nations (France, Germany,
Japan, UK, US).
5国集团
5个最大的工业化国家（法国、德国、日本、英
国、美国）高级官员（通常是财政部长或国家首
脑）的非正式会议。
Group of Seven
Informal meetings of senior officials (usually
ministers of finance or heads of state) of the seven
most industrialized countries (Canada, France,
Germany, Italy, Japan, UK, US).
7国集团
7个最大的工业化国家（加拿大、法国、德国、
意大利、日本、英国、美国）高级官员（通常是
财政部长和国家首脑）的非正式会议。
参见Group of Five。
Group of Seventy-Seven
Set up in 1967, it is an informal meeting of senior
officials/ministers/heads of state of the developing
countries. It currently has 128 members plus the
PLO.
77国集团
1967年成立，是发展中国家高级官员/部长/国家
首脑的非正式会议，目前已有128外加括巴勒斯
坦解放组织。
Group of Ten
Also known as the Paris Club, it consists of the
wealthiest members of the IMF that provide most of
the money for lending. It currently has eleven
members: Belgium, Canada, France, Germany,
Italy, Japan, Netherlands, Sweden, Switzerland, UK,
US.
10国集团
亦称巴黎俱乐部，由国际货币基金组织中提供贷
款最多的最富有的成员国组成。现有11个成员
国：比利时、加拿大、法国、德国、意大利、日
本、荷兰、瑞典、瑞士、英国和美国。
Group of Twenty-Four
Set up in 1972, it exists to promote the interests of
developing countries in the IMF. Current
membership: Algeria, Argentina, Brazil, Colombia,
Côte d’Ivoire, Egypt, Ethiopia. Gabon, Ghana,
Guatemala, India, Iran, Lebanon, Mexico, Nigeria,
Pakistan, Peru, Philippines, Sri Lanka, Syria,
Trinidad and Tobago, Venezuela, former
Yugoslavia, Zaire.
24国集团
1972年成立，目的是推进国际货币基金组织中发
展中国家的利益。现有成员国包括阿尔及利亚、
阿根廷、巴西、哥伦比亚、科特迪瓦、埃及、埃
塞俄比亚、加蓬、加纳、危地马拉、印度、伊朗、
黎巴嫩、墨西哥、尼日利亚、巴基斯坦、秘鲁、
菲律宾、斯里兰卡、叙利亚、特立尼达和多巴哥、
委内瑞拉、前南斯拉夫和扎伊尔。
group travel [World Bank]
Travel by Executive Directors to member countries
outside their constituencies.
团体出访[世界银行]
世界银行执行董事集体旅行访问他们选区以外
的会员国。
growing concern
增长中的企业，增长问题
growing period
Period during the year roughly between spring and
autumn when crops grow, usually from seed to full
maturity and ripen for harvesting. It corresponds to
the period when mean daily temperatures are above
6 degrees C.
生长期
大体上指一年中春季到秋季这一作物生长期，通
常是从播种到作物完全成熟等待收获的这段时
间，日平均温度在摄氏6度以上。
growth accounting [econometry]
Decomposition of the observed rate of economic
growth of a given country into components
corresponding to factors of production responsible
for growth.
增长核算法[计量经济学]
把一国估定的经济增长率，按推动增长的各生产
要素相应的成份进行分解。
growth lag*
增长滞差，经济增长滞缓
guarantee authority
担保代理权，担保权限
guarantee capacity [MIGA]
担保能力[多边投资担保机构]
guarantee commission, fee [IBRD]
Commission payable periodically (e.g. to IBRD) as
compensation for the risk in guaranteeing a loan.
担保费，佣金[国际复兴开发银行]
为担保一项贷款的风险而定期支付的佣金（例如
向国际复兴开发银行）。
guarantee currency
The currency designated as the currency for the
guarantee in the contract.
担保货币
在合同中指定用于担保的货币。
guarantee holder [MIGA]
Holder of a guarantee issued by MIGA.
受保人[多边投资担保机构]
多边投资担保机构所签发的担保的持有人。
guarantee leverage
担保的杠杆作用
guaranteed percentage
The percentage of each loss for which the guarantee
holder is entitled to compensation under the
contract.
被担保比重
指担保持有人按合同规定有资格取得的各项损
失赔偿的百分比。
Guaranteed Recovery of Investment
Principal - GRIP [IFC]
A financial service offered by IFC, involving the
structuring of IFC and co-investor equity exposures
in such a way as to take advantage of differences in
their risk-preferences and perceptions, generating
benefits which can be shared by both. An investor
making an investment in the equity of a developing
country enterprise, instead of making the investment
directly, gives the money to IFC in return for a U.S.
dollar debt instrument. IFC makes the investment in
its own name but has a contractual agreement with
the investor regarding voting of shares, management
and long-term strategy for the enterprise.
投资本金保收（简写为GRIP）[国际金融公司]
国际金融公司提供的一项金融服务，包括调整国
际金融公司和其联合投资者的股本投资结构，以
利用他们对风险的选择和看法的不同，产生双方
能够共享的收益。当一个投资者想对一个发展中
国家的企业作股本投资时，他不直接投资，而是
把钱交给国际金融公司，换回一张美元债券。国
际金融公司以自己的名义进行投资，但与投资者
有一份关于该企业股份投票权、管理和长期战略
的合同性协议。
Guidance
指导
见vocational guidance
guidelines
准则
guiding price
指导价格，指标价格