- F -
face value
票面价值，面值
facility
资金便利，资金融通，贷款基金，设施，设备
fact sheet
情况说明书，基本情况介绍
factor cost, at - f.c.
要素成本
factor income
Income derived directly from the current production
of goods and services. There are normally four main
categories: rent; wages and salaries; interest and
profits.
要素收入
直接从现时的货物和劳务生产中产生的收入。通
常有四大类：租金、工资薪金、利息和利润。
factor income payments
要素收益付款
factor price
The price of a factor of production (e.g. land, labor
and capital).
要素价格
指生产要素（例如土地、劳力和资本）的价格。
factoring
The purchase of trade debts, usually without
recourse.
代理融通，贷款保收，应收帐款让售
购买贸易债务，通常无追索权。
factory farming
工厂化农业
factory gate price
出厂价格
见ex factory price
facultative reinsurance
Reinsurance of a specific risk.
临时分保，临时再保险
对某一特定的风险进行再保险。
参见treaty reinsurance
fair market value
公平市价，公允市价，议价
fair price shop
平价商店
fallacy of composition
A wrong conclusion reached by taking a known fact
about individuals and projecting it to apply to the
entire population.
推论的谬误
把有关个别人的已知事实，推而广之应用于全体
人口，从而得出的错误结论。
family planning
计划生育
FAO/IBRD Cooperative Program*
联合国粮农组织与国际复兴开发银行合作计划
FAO/UNIDO/World Bank Working Group on
Fertilizers*
联合国粮农组织、工发组织与世界银行肥料工作
组。
farm
农场
farm budget
农场预算
farm forestry
Forestry carried out on private farmlands.
农田林业
指在私人农田上经营的林业。
farm gate price
农场交货价格
farm income
农场收入
farmer-pull innovations
农民拉动的革新
farming system
农作制度
farming systems research - FSR
农作制度研究（简写为FSR）
farming techniques
农业技术，耕作技术，农场经营技术
farming unit
农作单位
fast disbursing (loan); quick disbursing (loan)
快速支付（贷款）
fast-track procedures
Procedures designed to facilitate negotiation of
complex trade agreements. They give the president
authority to conclude such agreements and submit
them to Congress for approval or disapproval
without amendment. Used by the Bush
administration in the 1990-1991 Uruguay Round
negotiations.
快速通道程序
一种复杂贸易协议谈判的辅助程序，它授权总统
缔结协议，并将协议提交给国会无修改地批准
（或否定）。美国布什政府在1990-1991年乌拉
圭回合谈判中曾使用过这种程序。
feasibility study
可行性研究
fecundity
肥沃、多产、生育力
Federal funds*
联邦资金
fee
费用，收费
见availability fee; backup facility fee; commitment
charge, fee; cost plus fixed fee contract; cost plus
percentage fee contract; front-end fee; guarantee
commission, fee; harbor fees; loan origination fee;
management fee; percentage (fee) contract; service
and support fee; stumpage fee; tuition fees; zero fee
policy
fee-based service [IFC]
Services provided by IFC for which IFC charges a
fee. Includes such services as technical assistance,
advice on privatization, corporate strategies,
financial risk management, project structuring,
setting up capital markets, etc.
收费服务[国际金融公司]
国际金融公司提供的一种收费性服务。服务内容
包括技术援助、私有化咨询、公司战略、财务风
险管理、项目结构、建立资本市场等。
fee for lodging requests [ICSID]
调解请求费[解决投资争端国际中心]
fee-for-services basis
收费服务基础
feed balance; feed estimate
饲料平衡；饲料估计
feed conversion ratio
Ratio which makes it possible to evaluate feed
efficiency. Obtained from the amount of product
obtained per kilo of feed given to the animal (i.e.
daily average profit/feed).
饲料转化率
评价饲料效能的一个比率， 由喂养牲口的每公斤
饲料所获得的产量得出（即日平均利润/饲料）。
feed estimate; feed balance
饲料估计；饲料平衡
feed grains
饲料粮
feed unit
One pound of corn or its equivalent in feed value in
other feeds which is fed to cattle under normal farm
conditions.
饲料单位
指在正常农场条件下喂牲畜用的一磅玉米，或具
有同等饲料价值的其他饲料。
feedback (of information)
（信息）反馈
feedback loop
反馈回路，反馈环路
feeder road
支路，公路支线
feeder school; contributory school; preparatory
school
School where students go on to a specific
higher-level school, for which it is the feeder.
补习学校；先修学校；预科
为某一特定的高一级的学校输送学生的学校。
feedlot
牧场，肥育地
feedstock
Substance (e.g. gas) used as raw material for its
chemical properties in creating an end product.
原料、给料
作为原料，利用其化学成分，以生产终端产品的
物质（如煤气）。
fellow [EDI]
研究员[经济发展学院]
fertility rate
Births per thousand, usually related to individuals of
same sex, age, marital status, etc.
生育率
每千人平均生育率，通常以相同性别、年龄和婚
姻状况的人为基础。
fiber crop
纤维作物
field
矿场，田地
见coal field
field agent
现场代理人，驻地代理人
field assignment, mission
外勤任务，外勤工作团
field crop
大田作物
field-level extension worker
现场推广员，实地推广员
field mission, assignment
外勤工作团，外勤任务
field office
驻外办事处，驻外代表处
field seeds
The seed of field crops, as contrasted with vegetable
and flower seeds.
大田作物种子
区别于蔬菜和花卉的种子。
field staff
外勤人员，驻外人员，现场工作人员
field trip
实地考察，现场考察，出差
field unit [agricultural extension]
现场工作组，实地工作组[农业推广]
field work
野外工作，现场工作，实地工作
field worker
野外工作者，现场工作者，实地工作者
Fifth Dimension Program
World Bank program whereby the Bank provides
additional IDA allocations to IDA-only countries
that have outstanding IBRD debt, are current on
their debt service to the Bank and have an
IDA-support adjustment program.
第五方面（信贷）计划
世界银行的一种信贷计划。根据这一计划，世界
银行向仅用国际开发协会信贷的国家（这些国家
欠着国际复兴开发银行的贷款，正在还本付息，
同时又有一项国际开发协会支持的调整方案）提
供额外的国际开发协会信贷分配额
filing of claims [MIGA]
Submitting appropriate documentation to support a
claim for a covered loss.
提出索赔[多边投资担保机构]
提供适当的文件，以支持一项对已承保的损失提
出的索赔。
fill ratio [staff]
Percentage of positions in an organization that are
filled.
（人员编制）满员率[人员]
一个机构中已经配备的人员占编制人员的比率。
final design
最终设计
final design quantities
最终设计数量
final energy; secondary energy
最终能源；二次能源
finance lease; financial, full pay out lease
A lease involving payment over an obligatory period
of specified sums sufficient in total to amortize the
capital outlay of the lessor and give some profit. In
other words, the lessee pays the full value of the
asset.
融资租赁；金融租赁，费用全付租赁
一种租赁方式，即在规定期限内分期向出租人支
付规定的金额，其总数足以支付出租人的资本支
出并使其获得一定的利润。也就是说，承租人支
付该资产的全部价值。
finance plan
融资计划，筹资计划
financial adjustment
财务调整，金融调整
financial claim
金融债权，财务索赔
financial claims of government
政府债权，政府征税权
financial contingency
不可预见费用，财政应急预备费
financial credit
金融信贷，金融贷款
financial deepening
Acquisition of financial assets at a faster rate than
nonfinancial assets.
金融深化
即购置金融资产的速度超过购置非金融资产的
速度。
financial distress
财政困难，资金困难
financial engineering
Application of innovative techniques in major
national and corporate workouts.
金融工程
指通过采用新技术的方法，在主要国家和公司解
决债务问题。
financial expenses coverage ratio
Net income plus non-cash charges plus interest
payments divided by interest payments plus current
portion of long-term debt.
财务费用偿付率
即净收入加上非现金收费加上利息支付额，除以
利息支付额加上长期债务的当前部分。
financial flows
资金流量，资金流动
financial futures
金融期货
financial intermediary loan - FIL
World Bank loan to a financial intermediary, such as
a central bank.
金融中介机构贷款（简写为FIL）
指世界银行向一个金融中介机构（如中央银行）
发放的贷款。
financial internal rate of return
财政内部收益率
见financial rate of return
financial intrinsics
An alternative word for financial position.
财务实况
财务状况的同意词。
financial lease
金融租赁
见finance lease
financial leverage
金融杠杆
见leverage
financial package
一揽子财务计划
financial paper
Commercial paper issued by financial institutions.
金融票据
金融机构发行的商业票据。
financial performance, results
财务业绩，财务工作执行结果
financial plan
融资计划，筹资计划，财务计划
financial rate of return; internal rate of financial
return; financial internal rate of return - FIRR
The internal rate of return based on financial or
market prices.
财务收益率；财务内部收益率（简写为FIRR）
根据财务或市场价格计算出的内部收益率。
financial ratios
财务比率
financial replicability
Full recovery of the financial costs of the project
entity.
财务可回收性
指项目实体财务成本的全部收回。
financial repression
Distortion in the financial system, with negative
interest rates, subsidy interest rates to some privileged
borrowers, selective credit allocation, and
excessive bureaucratic control over the financial
system.
金融抑制
金融体制中的扭曲现象，包括负利率，给某些享
有特权的借款人的利率补贴，选择性的信贷分
配，以及对金融体制上过多的官僚控制。
financial restraint, stringency
金融紧缩，收紧银根
financial spread
Income from loans and investments minus cost of
borrowing.
财务利差
即贷款和投资的收入减去借款成本。
financial standing
财务状况、资产状况、信用状况
见creditworthiness
financial statement
A balance sheet, income statement, funds statement
or any supporting statement or other presentation of
financial data derived from accounting records.
财务报表
各项报表，包括资产负债表、收益表、资金报表
或从会计记录中得出任何辅助报表，或其他财务
数据报表。
financial year; fiscal year
财政年度；会计年度
financialization
The holding of assets (e.g. savings) in financial form
(e.g. bills, bonds, cash) as opposed to in the form of
fixed assets (e.g. gold, real property).
金融化
以金融形式（如票据、债券、现金等）而不是以
固定资产（如黄金、房地产等）形式持有资产（如
储蓄）。
financing gap
筹资缺口，资金缺口，财政缺口
financing package
一揽子融资计划
financing plan
融资计划，筹资计划
fineness (of a precious metal)
（贵金属的）纯度
fine tuning (of the economy)
（经济的）微调
firm bid rule
Principle that a bid is irrevocable for a reasonable
time after bid opening.
递实盘规则
即在开标后的合理时间内实盘不可撤消原则。
first in, first out - FIFO
先进先出法（简写为FIFO）
亦见last in， first out
first-loss deductible [insurance]
第一损失免赔额[保险]
first ranking security
一等证券，头等证券
first refusal right; preemptive right
Right to have the first opportunity to purchase real
estate when such becomes available, or right to meet
any other offer.
优先取舍权；优先购买权
在有房地产或其它可购买的财物出让时所具有
的优先购买权。
first year rule - FYR [project analysis]
A method of determining when to start a project.
Two time streams of costs and benefits (using
one-year intervals of discounting) are subtracted.
The project should be delayed by one year if the net
present value of this figure is negative.
首年规则（简写为FYR） [项目分析]
一种决定什么时候启动一个项目的方法。即把两
个时间系列的成本和效益（使用一年间隔进行贴
现）相减，如果所得的差的净现值为负数，则该
项目应推迟一年进行。
fiscal agent
A bank appointed by the borrower as its agent for a
new issue of securities when no trustee has been
appointed. Its functions include those of a principal
paying agent and a number of the clerical functions
but none of the fiduciary responsibilities of a trustee.
财政代理人
指在没有指定托管人的情况下，借款人指定一家
银行作为发行一项证券的代理人，其职能包括首
席支付代理以及一些事务性工作，但不包括托管
人的受托责任。
fiscal balance
A balance between the receipts and expenditures of
a government (not just taxes).
财政预算平衡；财政收支平衡
指一个政府的收入与支出（不仅仅是税收）之间
的平衡。
fiscal drag
1. Reduction in real income due to the increase in
income from inflation, resulting in income earners
being placed in higher tax brackets.
2. Action by public financial authorities with
regard to economic activity.
财政拖累
1．由于通货膨胀引起收入增加，使收入获得者
被置于较高的税率等级而导致实际收入减少。
2．公共财政当局在涉及经济活动方面采取的行
动。
fiscal gap
财政缺口
fiscal policy
财政政策
fiscal revenue
财政收入
fiscal transparency
Refers to the situation whereby certain partners and
associates in certain companies are deemed to be the
same as the company for taxation purposes. Used in
France.
财政透明度
指在纳税方面，用与公司同样的标准对待某些公
司中的某些合伙人和协作者。曾经用于法国。
fiscal year; financial year
财政年度；会计年度
fishing by lamplight; lamplight fishing
灯光捕鱼
five day biochemical oxygen demand 生化物五天
需氧量
见biochemical oxygen demand over five days （简
写为BOD5）。
fixed assets
固定资产
见capital assets
fixed capital
固定资本
见capital assets
fixed charge coverage*
固定支出范围，固定支出类别
fixed cost contract; fixed price contract
固定成本合同；固定价格合同，标价合同
fixed costs
固定成本
fixed investment
固定资产投资
fixed price contract; fixed cost contract
固定价格合同；固定成本合同；标价合同
fixed-rate financing
固定利率融资
fixed rate matched funding loan
One of two types of fixed rate loans made by the
Bank to IFC, involving amounts in various
currencies from which currency-specific tranches
are established to fund new fixed rate IFC loans on a
back-to-back basis.
固定利率匹配融资贷款
世界银行贷给国际金融公司的两种固定利率贷
款之一。这种贷款具有多种货币类型，按各特定
货币分批拨付，在对销的基础上对国际金融公司
发放的新的固定利率贷款供资。
fixed term appointment
固定期任用
fixed term contract
定期合同，固定任期合同
fixed term staff
根据固定任期合同聘用的工作人员
fixed variate; predictor
固定变量；预测因素
fixing see price fixing
固定，确定
flag of convenience; open registry flag
权宜船籍；方便旗
flagship product
Used to describe key publications, summarizing
Bank policy in a major area, e.g. poverty,
adjustment, health in Africa.
旗帜作品
用来指主要出版物，这种出版物概述了世界银行
在某一主要方面的政策，例如贫困、调整、非洲
的卫生保健问题等。
flagship project
Project used to promote development in a key area,
e.g. environment, women in development.
旗帜项目
用来促进某一关键领域发展的项目，例如环境、
妇女在发展中的作用等。
flat budget
Budget which shows no increase over previous
budget period.
无增长的预算
与前一预算期相比无增长的预算。
flat rate
统一费率，均一费率，标准价格
flattening out
拉平，平稳化
fleet [transportation]
船队，车队[运输]
flexibility quotient
Number of redeployable staff resources as a
percentage of the total workforce.
灵活（调配）份额
可供重新安排的工作人员与劳动力总数的百分
比。
flexitime; flextime
弹性工作时间
flight capital
外流资本，外逃资本
flight of capital; capital flight
资本外逃
flip chart
翻动图表
float [banking]
Checks, drafts, etc., in the process of collection.
浮存[银行]
托收过程中的支票、汇票等。
float a loan, to
发行债券，借入贷款
floating capital
That portion of the capital of an enterprise not
invested in fixed or other capital assets but in current
and working assets.
流动资本，游资
指企业资本中未投资于固定资产或其他资本资
产、而是以流动资产形式存在的资本。
floating cash reserve
流动现金储备
floating rate
浮动利率，浮动汇率
floating rate bond
Bond on which the coupon is established
periodically and calculated with reference to
short-term interest rates.
浮动利率债券
这种债券的息票是定期确定的，并参照短期资金
利率来计算。
floating rate note
Note issued from five to fifteen years with a fixed
spread, usually over the six month London Interbank
Offered Rate (LIBOR), normally with provision for
a minimum interest rate. Primarily used by banks to
raise dollars for their Euromarket operations.
浮动利率票据
这种票据期限为5到15年，利率通常为6个月伦敦
同业拆放利率（LIBOR）加固定利差，并有最低
利率规定。主要是银行用于为欧洲市场操作筹措
美元。
floating rice
浮动水稻
flock management; herd management
牧群管理
flood control irrigation
控制漫灌
flooded rice
水稻，遭洪水的水稻
flood irrigation; spate irrigation
A method of irrigation in which water is made to
cover the surface of the land to a considerable depth
and remains for a considerable period, after which so
much of it as has not soaked in is drawn off, leaving
the land ready for the growing of crops.
漫灌
指一种灌溉方法，使水漫灌地表到一定深度并保
持一定时间，然后把未浸入地表的余水放掉，准
备种植作物。
flooding
洪泛，漫灌
见controlled flooding
floodplain
洪泛区
floodplain agriculture, cultivation
洪泛区农业，耕作
flood recession crop
Crop planted on land which has recently been
flooded.
洪涝退后的作物
种植在最近遭受过洪涝的土地上的作物。
floodway; high-flow diversion
Natural or man-made bypass channels or conduits
that redirect flood waters around or away from urban
centers or area of high population density.
泄洪道，分洪道，溢流槽
天然或人造的泄洪渠或泄洪管道，以引导洪水绕
过或远离城市中心或人口稠密地区。
floor price
Usually established by the government, the smallest
price that a seller is allowed to charge.
底价，最低限价
指通常由政府所规定的、卖方所允许使用的最低
售价。
floor rate of exchange
The minimum rate of exchange.
最低汇率
floor return
The amount of annual investment income projected
at the beginning of the fiscal year for the Bank.
最低收益
世界银行在财政年度开始时所预测的年投资收
入额。
flotation [bonds]
发行[债券]
flotation costs [bonds]
发行费用[债券]
flow
流动，流量
见capital flow; capital inflow; cash flow; cash
inflows; concessional flow; discounted cash flow;
financial flows; funds flows; inflow of capital;
nonconcessional flows; official flows; other official
flows; student flow
flow chart; process chart
A graph or chart that illustrates the movement of
money, credit, goods or some other economic
element through various stages. In computer
terminology it is a diagram of the processing of a
problem in a computer by means of symbols and
lines to show either the logic and sequence of
specific program operations or a system of
processing to achieve certain objectives.
流程图；工艺图
一种表明货币、信用、货物或其他经济因素流经
不同阶段的运动图表。在计算机术语中，为计算
机处理一个问题的流程图，用符号和线条表明特
定程序操作的逻辑和顺序，或达到某些目标的一
种处理系统。
flow meter; flowmeter
A meter that indicates the rate of flow of water.
流量表；流速仪
表示水流速度的仪表。
flow of funds
资金流量
见funds flow
fluidized bed combustion
A method of burning particulate fuel such as coal in
which the amount of air required for combustion far
exceeds that found in conventional burners. The fuel
particles are continually fed into a bed of mineral ash
in the proportions of 1 part fuel to 200 parts ash,
while a flow of air passes up through the bed,
causing it to act like a turbulent fluid.
流化床燃烧，沸腾床燃烧
一种燃烧颗粒燃料（如煤炭）的方法。燃烧时的
空气需求量远远超过常规燃烧器。燃料颗粒以1
份燃料比200份矿粉的比率连续不断地投入到燃
烧床上，同时气流不断从燃烧床下输入，使其看
起来犹如沸腾的液体。
focus group
重点群体
focusing effect
In crop estimations, the effect of selecting one
specific part of a field over another. In most cases,
the tendency is to select the center part of the field,
where crop density is likely to be higher, thereby
leading to an upward bias in the estimates.
聚焦效应
指在估计作物产量时，选择农田的某一部分而不
是其他部分的效应。在多数情况下，倾向于选择
作物密度一般较高的农田中心部分，因而会导致
估计偏高。
follow-up
后续的
follow-up financing
后续融资
follow-up project
后续项目
food crop
粮食作物
food demand program
食品需求计划
food-for-work programme
A programme set up under the World Food
Programme where food is provided as part-payment
to men and women engaged in community
improvement programmes.
以工代赈方案
世界粮食计划署设立的一种规划：向参与社会改
善方案的男女工人提供粮食，作为部分报酬。
food grains
食品粮
food import dependency ratio
The ratio of food imports to the food available for
internal distribution, i.e. the sum of food production,
plus food imports, minus food exports.
食物进口依赖率
指进口食物与国内可供分配食物（即食物总产量
加上进口食物量减去出口食物量）的比率。
food intake
食物摄取量
food plant
粮食作物
Food Price Index [IBRD]
食品价格指数[国际复兴开发银行]
food processing industry
食品加工业
food production
食品生产
food security
The availability of adequate food supplies for a
target population.
食物安全，粮食安全
指对目标人口具有足够的粮食供应。
foodstuffs
食品
footloose industry
Industry not bound to particular location by specific
locational requirements and thus can effectively
locate anywhere.
可移动工业，可迁移工业，流动工业
指没有特殊地点要求、不受地点限制，因而可以
设在任何地方的工业。
forage tree
A tree whose leaves are used for forage.
木本饲料作物
一种树叶可作饲料的树木。
forage unit
Unit of measurement of the energy input of
feedstuffs based on the net energy value of 1kg of
barley.
饲料单位
根据1公斤大麦的净能量值衡量饲料能量投入的
单位。
force account, by/on [US]; direct labour [UK];
direct work; departmental forces
Used to describe a situation whereby the owner of a
project uses his own labor force to undertake the
project, rather than hiring contractors.
（采取/使用）自营工程[美国]；直接用工工程[英
国]
项目业主使用自己的劳力而不是雇佣承包商来
承建项目。
forced investment
A requirement placed on a commercial bank (usually
in a developing country) that it make specific
investments (e.g. x % of its portfolio must be
agricultural investments), sometimes at a specific
rate.
强制投资
对商业银行（一般是在发展中国家里）的一种特
定投资要求（例如，其投资额中必须有一定比例
投资于农业），有时还有具体的比率规定。
forced sale
强制出售
见liquidation value
forced savings
强制储蓄
foreclosure
取消抵押品赎回权
foregone output
放弃的产出
见forgone output
foreign assets
国外资产
foreign borrowing
国外借款
foreign capital (official, private)
（官方的，私人的）外国资本
foreign currency, exchange
外币，外汇
foreign currency issue
外币发行
foreign exchange auction
Auction of foreign currency, as used in some
developing countries, whereby the price obtained for
the foreign currency at the auction is the rate of
exchange applied till the next auction.
公开标售外汇，外汇拍卖
一些发展中国家采用的外汇公开拍卖方式，在拍
卖中形成的价格即为汇率，一直使用到下一次公
开拍卖之前。
foreign exchange component
构成外汇部分
foreign exchange cost
外汇成本
foreign exchange coverage fund
外汇风险保证基金
foreign exchange market
外汇市场
foreign exchange position
外汇头寸
foreign exchange reserves
外汇储备
foreign exchange resources
外汇资源
foreign exchange risk
外汇风险
foreign Investment Advisory Service*
外国投资咨询服务[国际金融公司]
foreign-owned
外国所有的
foreign price
国外价格
foreign tax credit
国外税额减免
foreign trade
对外贸易，外贸
forest canopy
森林树冠层
forest fallow
All complexes of woody vegetation derived from the
clearing of natural forest for shifting agriculture. It
consists of a mosaic of various reconstitution phases
and includes patches of uncleared forests and
agriculture fields which cannot be realistically
segregated and accounted area-wise, especially from
satellite imagery. Forest fallow is an intermediate
class between forest and non-forest land uses. Part
of the area which is not under cultivation may have
the appearance of a secondary forest. Even the part
currently under cultivation sometimes has the
appearance of forest, due to presence of tree cover.
Accurate separation between forest and forest fallow
may not always be possible.
休耕林，轮耕林
指天然森林斫伐清理后，准备转向农业使用过程
中的所有林木植被复合地带。它由处于不同改造
阶段的小块地片组成，包括未清理完的林区和农
田，在面积上无法进行划分和测量（尤其是从卫
星图片上看，更是如此）。休耕林是林地和非林
地的中间阶段。林地中尚未耕作的部分看上去如
同次生林。由于林木的覆盖，已耕种的部分有时
看上去也像林地。对林地和休耕林地的精确划分
有时是不大可能的。
forest mining
林区开采
见tree mining
forfaiting
The business of discounting medium-term promissory
notes or drafts related to an international trade
transaction. Repayments are semiannual and
discounting is at a fixed rate.
中期票据贴现
国际贸易中对中期本票的贴现业务。每半年偿付
一次，贴现率是固定的。
forgiveness (of a debt)
（债务）免除
forgone output; foregone output
The use of an input (e.g. labor) in a project which is
thereby prevented from being used elsewhere.
放弃的产出
因将投入物（如劳力）用于一个项目从而不能用
于别处所获得的产出。
forgone revenues*
放弃的收入
form of bid, tender
标书范本，标准投标格式
form of contract
标准合同
formal adherence
正式同意，正式执行
formal credit
正规信贷
formal education
正规教育
formal eligibility threshold; eligibility threshold;
eligibility ceiling
The maximum limit above which a country is no
longer eligible for IDA financing. In practice, only
countries below the operational cut-off, with the
exception of a few small island economies, receive
IDA financing.
正式合格限度；最高合格限度[国际开发协会]
超过即不再有资格获得国际开发协会信贷的最
高限度。实际上，除少数小的岛国外，只有那些
低于业务截止线以下的国家得到国际开发协会
的融资。
formal sector
正式部门
formal suspension of disbursements [IBRD]
正式暂停支付[国际复兴开发银行]
formal vote [ICSID]
正式表决[解决投资争端国际中心]
formation expenses; organization expenses
开办费
forward budgeting
Planning tool to determine government expenditures
for the next few years.
预期预算
一种计划工具，用以确定今后数年的政府支出。
forward cover
The arrangement of a forward foreign exchange
contract to protect a buyer or seller of foreign
currency from unexpected fluctuations in the exchange
rate.
远期抛补，远期保护
买卖远期外汇合同的安排，以保护外汇的买方或
卖方不受外汇汇率意外波动的影响。
forward exchange market
外汇期货市场
forward exchange rate
期货汇率，远期汇率
forward integration
Refers to a firm whose activities extend over more
than one subsequent stage of the production process
of transforming raw materials into final goods.
前向一体化，前向结合
在原料转化为最终产品的过程中，企业的经营范
围涉及其中一个以上的生产阶段。
forward linkage of an industry
The relationship between an industry or firm and
other industries or firms which use its output as an
input. A change in output or price will be transmitted
forwards to users of its product.
产业的前向联系
一个产业或企业与另一些使用其产品作为投入
的产业或企业之间的关系。前者的产出或价格上
的变化会向前传播到其产品的用户。
forward-looking
向前看，有远见
foundation seed
The progeny of breeder, select or foundation seed
handled to maintain specific genetic purity and
identity.
基础种子，第一代种子
指繁殖用精选或基础种子的后代，经处理以保持
特定的遗传纯度和同一性。
founder´s share
Shares subscribed by original owners of a business.
创办人股份
企业最初的股东所认购的股份。
frame agreement [IBRD]
An agreement between the World Bank and a
member country on cofinancing.
框架协议[国际复兴开发银行]
世界银行与一个会员国就联合贷款达成的协议。
framework cooperative arrangement [MIGA]
合作安排框架[多边投资担保机构]
franchise
特许权
franchising agreement
Agreement where the franchiser provides the
franchisee with a package of resources such as
trademarks, know-how and management assistance
and where his remuneration depends, at least in part,
on the production, revenues or profits of the
investment project. Considered as a type of
non-equity direct investment for the purposes of
MIGA.
特许权协议
特许权授与者向特许权被授与者提供一揽子资
源（包括商标、技术、管理援助等）；其报酬取
决于（至少部分取决于）投资项目的生产、收入
或利润。就多边投资担保机构而言，这属于一种
非股权直接投资。
free alongside ship - FAS
Applies to goods delivered alongside a specified
ship at the quay or in lighters.
（启运地）船边交货价格，靠船价格（简写为
FAS）
船靠码头后或在驳船上交货的价格。
free carrier (named point) - FRC
Applies to goods delivered into the custody of the
carrier at the named point.
（指定地点）承运人交货价（简写为FRC）
在指定地点向承运人交货的价格。
free-enterprise economy; free market economy
自由企业经济；自由市场经济
free (foreign) exchange
Foreign exchange which is freely convertible.
自由外汇
可自由兑换的外汇。
free funds [IDA]
Funds provided to IDA in a freely convertible
currency or in a member´s currency if available for
financing procurement in the territory of the
member, if there is a reasonable expectation that
such resources will be fully used for procurement in
such territory during the disbursement period.
自由资金[国际开发协会]
（会员国）向国际开发协会提供的可自由兑换的
货币或会员国的货币，用于在该会员国领土内进
行的采购。条件是，根据合理的预期，这项资金
在支付期内可以完全用于在该国领土内进行的
采购。
free in and out - fio
A chartering term by which is meant that the owner
who charters his ship is responsible for all the usual
costs of ship management with the exception of
loading and discharging cargo and of putting the
vessel in dry dock if required to do so by the
charterer.
船方不负担装卸费用（简写为fio）
包租用语，指出租船只的船东负担船只管理的所
有一般费用，但不负担装卸费用和把船只放置于
干船坞内（如租船者要求的话）的费用。
free limit [IBRD]
The limit on a free-limit loan.
自由限额[国际复兴开发银行]
对自由发放的贷款的限度。
free-limit loan [DFCs]
A loan which does not exceed the amount above
which onlending is subject to official approval.
自由限额内转贷贷款[开发金融公司]
指未超过限额的转贷贷款，超过限额须经正式批
准。
free limit of loan [DFCs]
自由贷款限额[开发金融公司]
free-limit subloan
A subloan which does not exceed the limit above
which onlending is subject to Bank review.
自由限额内的分贷款
不超过限额的分贷款，超过限额的转贷须经世界
银行审查。
free market economy; free-enterprise economy
自由市场经济；自由企业经济
free of particular average - FPA
Type of marine insurance which does not cover
partial loss and damage.
平安险，单损不赔（简写为FPA）
海上保险的一种类型，不担保部分损失和损坏。
free on board - FOB
Applies to goods delivered and loaded onto a ship at
a port of shipment specified in the sales contract.
离岸价格，（启运地）船上交货价格（简写为
FOB）
适用于在售货合同中规定的启运地港口交货和
装船的货物。
free on board (FOB) port of shipment price
启运口岸船上交货价格
free on quay - FOQ; free on wharf - FOW
Same as free alongside ship (FAS)
码头交货价（简写为FOQ或FOW）
与船边交货价（简写为FAS）相同。
free on rail - FOR
Applies to goods delivered and loaded to the
railway.
铁路交货价或火车交货价（简写为FOR）
指发送并装上火车的货物。
free on wharf
码头交货价
见free on quay
free port
Area sometimes found in large ports where
provision is made for reshipping imported goods
without taking them through customs.
自由港，无税港
指在某些大港口内设置的区域。在那里，需要转
运的进口货物按规定可以不通过海关。
free reserves
Total reserves held by a bank less reserves required
by authorities.
自由储备金，自由准备金
银行持有的储备金总额，减去当局要求的储备
金。
free resource ratio
自有资产与借入资产搭配率
见gearing ratio
free rider [economics]
In banking, a bank that collects full interest due on
outstanding loans without contributing to the new
money loans which provide, in part, the resources to
pay future interest. In other contexts, any party that
benefits from the activities of others without making
any contribution.
无本获利者，不担风险的取利者[经济学]
在银行业务中，指一个银行只从现有未偿还贷款
上收取全部应付利息，而不参与提供可以用来支
付未来利息的新贷款。在其它情况下，指从他人
的活动中获利而不作任何贡献的人。
free-standing; self-contained
独立的，自给自足的；自我配套齐全的
free-standing loan
独立的贷款
free-standing project
全套项目，独立项目
free-standing technical assistance - FSTA
Technical assistance independent of a loan.
独立的技术援助（简写为FSTA）
指独立于一笔贷款之外的技术援助。
free trade
自由贸易
free trade area
自由贸易区
free trade zone - FTZ; bonded area
自由贸易区（简写为FTZ）；保税区
freely convertible currency
可自由兑换的货币
freely usable currency
1. Any currency designated as such by the
International Monetary Fund from time to time.
2. Any other freely available and effectively
usable currency which the Board of Directors may
designate for the purposes of the Convention after
consultation with the International Monetary Fund
and with the approval of the country of such
currency. Will normally apply to the United States
dollars, Japanese yen, Deutsche marks, French
francs and pound sterling.
可自由使用的货币
1．国际货币基金组织有时指定的属这一类型的
任何货币。
2．任何经与国际货币基金组织磋商并征得该货
币国家同意，由董事会为有关协定目的而指定
的、可自由供应和有效使用的其它货币。通常应
用于美元、日元、德国马克、法国法郎和英镑。
freeze (of salaries, prices, etc.)
（工资、物价等的）冻结
亦见price freeze
freeze drying
冷冻干燥
freezing, value freezing*
价值冻结
fresh fruit bunch - FFB
鲜果束（简写为FFB）
frictional unemployment
摩擦性失业，短期失业
fringe benefits
附加利益，小额优惠
front-end cost
先期费用
front-end fee
Fee levied on borrower when a loan is first made.
The World Bank used to levy a front-end fee on its
loans but no longer does.
先征手续费[世界银行]
在刚提供贷款时向借款人征收的一种费用。世界
银行过去对其贷款实行先征手续费，但现在已经
取消。
frontier technology
尖端技术
front-loaded spending
前紧后松的经费开支安排
front loading
前重后轻，前紧后松
front loading of the subscription [IBRD]
认缴股份的前重后轻[国际复兴开发银行]
front office
主管办公室
frozen capital
冻结资本
fruit vegetable
果类蔬菜
fuel cell
燃料箱；电池
fuel efficiency
燃料效率
fuel oil
燃料油
full budgeting
全面预算法
full cost accounting
A method of accounting in the oil and gas industry in
which costs of unsuccessful acquisition and
exploration activities are initially recorded as assets
and then amortized as expenses as the total reserves
in the cost center are produced.
（会计）全部成本法；成本分摊法
石油和天然气工业的一种会计方法。它最初把未
成功的采集和勘探活动的费用作为资产入帐，然
后待成本中心总的储备金产生之后，再进行分
摊。
(full cost) nominal budget planning, budgeting
Budget planning based on a fixed overall sum for the
budget, rather than for a fixed amount of items, with
allowances for cost increases.
（全成本）名义预算计划法、预算法
在固定预算总额而不是固定科目数额基础上所
作的预算计划，留有成本费用增加的余地。
full cost pricing
全部成本定价法
full member
正式成员，正式会员
full development, at [project]
全面执行[项目]
full mission
综合工作团
full pay out lease
费用全付租赁
见finance lease
fully allocated cost
Cost derived from the apportionment of the total
costs of operating an enterprise by distributing this
total among the various units or classes or service in
such a manner that the sum of the costs imputed to
each unit or class is made to equal the total costs.
全部成本分摊
从分摊总成本中得出的成本。方法是把经营一个
企业的业务总成本分摊到各个单位、各级或各服
务部门，使各单位或各级部门成本投入总和等于
该企业的总成本。
fully funded system
全积累制
fully paid stock
已缴清的股份
见paid-in stock
functional literacy
粗识文字能力
funded debt
The debt of a business or government in the form of
outstanding bonds and other long-term notes.
长期债务
企业或政府以未偿还债券和其他长期票据形式
承担的债务。
funding gap
资金缺口
funding latter maturities
Type of IBRD “B” loan, whereby IBRD would take
an initial share of the loan up to about 25 percent,
concentrated in the latter maturities.
后到期贷款融资
国际复兴开发银行“B”类贷款的一种。国际复
兴开发银行最初可提供份额25%的贷贷，最晚的
那部分贷款集中于较晚的日期。
funding pro rata
Type of IBRD “B” loan, whereby IBRD takes a pro
rata share of about 10 percent in each maturity of the
commercial loan.
按比例筹资
国际复兴开发银行“B”类贷款的一种。国际复
兴开发银行对不同期限的每一笔商业贷款按比
例提供10%的融资。
funds flow; flow of funds
The flow of purchasing power into and out of an
organization. Inward flows include sales revenue,
sales of fixed assets and investments, and issues of
debentures, loans, and shares. Outward flows
include purchases of fixed assets and investments,
repayment of debt, payment of dividends, and
taxation on profits.
资金流量；资金流动；资金流转
指一个组织流入和流出的购买力。流入部分包括
销售收入、固定资产的出售和投资、发行债券、
贷款和股票；流出部分包括购买固定资产和投
资、偿还债务、支付股息和交纳利得税。
funds flow statement
资金流动报表
见statement of changes in financial position
funds-in-trust
Funds held by one agency on behalf of another when
the first agency is implementing a project on behalf
of the other agency.
信托基金
指一个机构代表另一机构执行项目时，由前者代
表后者保存的一笔基金。
funds statement
资金报表
见statement of changes in financial position
fungible funds
可代替资金
fungible goods
可替代货物
funk money [UK]
见hot money
furrow irrigation
垄沟灌溉
futures
An agreement to take or make delivery of a specific
commodity or instrument on a particular date.
期货，期票
规定在一定日期接收或交割某商品或金融票据
的合同。
futures market
Market where futures contracts are bought and sold.
期货市场
买卖期货合同的市场。